No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses

Consolidated infection control measures imposed by the government and hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a sharp decline of respiratory viruses. Based on the issue of whether <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> could be transmitted by airborne and acquired from the environment, we...

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Autores principales:	Dayeong Kim, Sun Bean Kim, Soyoung Jeon, Subin Kim, Kyoung Hwa Lee, Hye Sun Lee, Sang Hoon Han
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 non-pharmacological interventions <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pandemic time-series analysis Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a6778ad267e04bb5acbe2f2c182b89eb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a6778ad267e04bb5acbe2f2c182b89eb2021-11-25T18:06:37ZNo Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses10.3390/jof71109902309-608Xhttps://doaj.org/article/a6778ad267e04bb5acbe2f2c182b89eb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/990https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608XConsolidated infection control measures imposed by the government and hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a sharp decline of respiratory viruses. Based on the issue of whether <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> could be transmitted by airborne and acquired from the environment, we assessed changes in <i>P. jirovecii</i> pneumonia (PCP) cases in a hospital setting before and after COVID-19. We retrospectively collected data of PCP-confirmed inpatients aged ≥18 years (<i>N</i> = 2922) in four university-affiliated hospitals between January 2015 and June 2021. The index and intervention dates were defined as the first time of <i>P. jirovecii</i> diagnosis and January 2020, respectively. We predicted PCP cases for post-COVID-19 and obtained the difference (residuals) between forecasted and observed cases using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and the Bayesian structural time-series (BSTS) models. Overall, the average of observed PCP cases per month in each year were 36.1 and 47.3 for pre- and post-COVID-19, respectively. The estimate for residuals in the ARIMA model was not significantly different in the total PCP-confirmed inpatients (7.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.765). The forecasted PCP cases by the BSTS model were not significantly different from the observed cases in the post-COVID-19 (−0.6%, 95% credible interval; −9.6~9.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.450). The unprecedented strict non-pharmacological interventions did not affect PCP cases.Dayeong KimSun Bean KimSoyoung JeonSubin KimKyoung Hwa LeeHye Sun LeeSang Hoon HanMDPI AGarticleCOVID-19non-pharmacological interventions<i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>pandemictime-series analysisBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENJournal of Fungi, Vol 7, Iss 990, p 990 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 non-pharmacological interventions <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pandemic time-series analysis Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	COVID-19 non-pharmacological interventions <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pandemic time-series analysis Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Dayeong Kim Sun Bean Kim Soyoung Jeon Subin Kim Kyoung Hwa Lee Hye Sun Lee Sang Hoon Han No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses
description	Consolidated infection control measures imposed by the government and hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a sharp decline of respiratory viruses. Based on the issue of whether <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> could be transmitted by airborne and acquired from the environment, we assessed changes in <i>P. jirovecii</i> pneumonia (PCP) cases in a hospital setting before and after COVID-19. We retrospectively collected data of PCP-confirmed inpatients aged ≥18 years (<i>N</i> = 2922) in four university-affiliated hospitals between January 2015 and June 2021. The index and intervention dates were defined as the first time of <i>P. jirovecii</i> diagnosis and January 2020, respectively. We predicted PCP cases for post-COVID-19 and obtained the difference (residuals) between forecasted and observed cases using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and the Bayesian structural time-series (BSTS) models. Overall, the average of observed PCP cases per month in each year were 36.1 and 47.3 for pre- and post-COVID-19, respectively. The estimate for residuals in the ARIMA model was not significantly different in the total PCP-confirmed inpatients (7.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.765). The forecasted PCP cases by the BSTS model were not significantly different from the observed cases in the post-COVID-19 (−0.6%, 95% credible interval; −9.6~9.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.450). The unprecedented strict non-pharmacological interventions did not affect PCP cases.
format	article
author	Dayeong Kim Sun Bean Kim Soyoung Jeon Subin Kim Kyoung Hwa Lee Hye Sun Lee Sang Hoon Han
author_facet	Dayeong Kim Sun Bean Kim Soyoung Jeon Subin Kim Kyoung Hwa Lee Hye Sun Lee Sang Hoon Han
author_sort	Dayeong Kim
title	No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses
title_short	No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses
title_full	No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses
title_fullStr	No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses
title_full_unstemmed	No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses
title_sort	no change of <i>pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia after the covid-19 pandemic: multicenter time-series analyses
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a6778ad267e04bb5acbe2f2c182b89eb
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No Change of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicenter Time-Series Analyses

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