Neurofeedback learning modifies the incidence rate of alpha spindles, but not their duration and amplitude

Abstract Although the first experiments on alpha-neurofeedback date back nearly six decades ago, when Joseph Kamiya reported successful operant conditioning of alpha-rhythm in humans, the effectiveness of this paradigm in various experimental and clinical settings is still a matter of debate. Here,...

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Autores principales:	Alexei Ossadtchi, Tatiana Shamaeva, Elizaveta Okorokova, Victoria Moiseeva, Mikhail A. Lebedev
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a6cbf80d8a5a4f64bcd22565f5e79cdd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a6cbf80d8a5a4f64bcd22565f5e79cdd2021-12-02T11:41:23ZNeurofeedback learning modifies the incidence rate of alpha spindles, but not their duration and amplitude10.1038/s41598-017-04012-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a6cbf80d8a5a4f64bcd22565f5e79cdd2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04012-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Although the first experiments on alpha-neurofeedback date back nearly six decades ago, when Joseph Kamiya reported successful operant conditioning of alpha-rhythm in humans, the effectiveness of this paradigm in various experimental and clinical settings is still a matter of debate. Here, we investigated the changes in EEG patterns during a continuously administered neurofeedback of P4 alpha activity. Two days of neurofeedback training were sufficient for a significant increase in the alpha power to occur. A detailed analysis of these EEG changes showed that the alpha power rose because of an increase in the incidence rate of alpha episodes, whereas the amplitude and the duration of alpha oscillations remained unchanged. These findings suggest that neurofeedback facilitates volitional control of alpha activity onset, but alpha episodes themselves appear to be maintained automatically with no volitional control – a property overlooked by previous studies that employed continuous alpha-power neurofeedback. We propose that future research on alpha neurofeedback should explore reinforcement schedules based on detection of onsets and offsets of alpha waves, and employ these statistics for exploration and quantification of neurofeedback induced effects.Alexei OssadtchiTatiana ShamaevaElizaveta OkorokovaVictoria MoiseevaMikhail A. LebedevNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alexei Ossadtchi Tatiana Shamaeva Elizaveta Okorokova Victoria Moiseeva Mikhail A. Lebedev Neurofeedback learning modifies the incidence rate of alpha spindles, but not their duration and amplitude
description	Abstract Although the first experiments on alpha-neurofeedback date back nearly six decades ago, when Joseph Kamiya reported successful operant conditioning of alpha-rhythm in humans, the effectiveness of this paradigm in various experimental and clinical settings is still a matter of debate. Here, we investigated the changes in EEG patterns during a continuously administered neurofeedback of P4 alpha activity. Two days of neurofeedback training were sufficient for a significant increase in the alpha power to occur. A detailed analysis of these EEG changes showed that the alpha power rose because of an increase in the incidence rate of alpha episodes, whereas the amplitude and the duration of alpha oscillations remained unchanged. These findings suggest that neurofeedback facilitates volitional control of alpha activity onset, but alpha episodes themselves appear to be maintained automatically with no volitional control – a property overlooked by previous studies that employed continuous alpha-power neurofeedback. We propose that future research on alpha neurofeedback should explore reinforcement schedules based on detection of onsets and offsets of alpha waves, and employ these statistics for exploration and quantification of neurofeedback induced effects.
format	article
author	Alexei Ossadtchi Tatiana Shamaeva Elizaveta Okorokova Victoria Moiseeva Mikhail A. Lebedev
author_facet	Alexei Ossadtchi Tatiana Shamaeva Elizaveta Okorokova Victoria Moiseeva Mikhail A. Lebedev
author_sort	Alexei Ossadtchi
title	Neurofeedback learning modifies the incidence rate of alpha spindles, but not their duration and amplitude
title_short	Neurofeedback learning modifies the incidence rate of alpha spindles, but not their duration and amplitude
title_full	Neurofeedback learning modifies the incidence rate of alpha spindles, but not their duration and amplitude
title_fullStr	Neurofeedback learning modifies the incidence rate of alpha spindles, but not their duration and amplitude
title_full_unstemmed	Neurofeedback learning modifies the incidence rate of alpha spindles, but not their duration and amplitude
title_sort	neurofeedback learning modifies the incidence rate of alpha spindles, but not their duration and amplitude
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/a6cbf80d8a5a4f64bcd22565f5e79cdd
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Neurofeedback learning modifies the incidence rate of alpha spindles, but not their duration and amplitude

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