Aerosol Particle Transport and Deposition in Upper and Lower Airways of Infant, Child and Adult Human Lungs

Understanding transportation and deposition (TD) of aerosol particles in the human respiratory system can help clinical treatment of lung diseases using medicines. The lung airway diameters and the breathing capacity of human lungs normally increase with age until the age of 30. Many studies have an...

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Autores principales:	Md. M. Rahman, Ming Zhao, Mohammad S. Islam, Kejun Dong, Suvash C. Saha
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	particle transport and deposition (TD) airway reduction drug-aerosol delivery aging effect lung generations diffusion mechanism Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a6d39eee17974952be6ff29c82826c97
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a6d39eee17974952be6ff29c82826c972021-11-25T16:44:10ZAerosol Particle Transport and Deposition in Upper and Lower Airways of Infant, Child and Adult Human Lungs10.3390/atmos121114022073-4433https://doaj.org/article/a6d39eee17974952be6ff29c82826c972021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1402https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Understanding transportation and deposition (TD) of aerosol particles in the human respiratory system can help clinical treatment of lung diseases using medicines. The lung airway diameters and the breathing capacity of human lungs normally increase with age until the age of 30. Many studies have analyzed the particle TD in the human lung airways. However, the knowledge of the nanoparticle TD in airways of infants and children with varying inhalation flow rates is still limited in the literature. This study investigates nanoparticle (5 nm ≤ <i>d</i><sub>p</sub> ≤ 500 nm) TD in the lungs of infants, children, and adults. The inhalation air flow rates corresponding to three ages are considered as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Q</mi><mrow><mi>in</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3.22</mn><mrow><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mi>min</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (infant), <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>8.09</mn><mrow><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mi>min</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (Child), and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Q</mi><mrow><mi>in</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>14</mn><mrow><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mi>min</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (adult). It is found that less particles are deposited in upper lung airways (G0–G3) than in lower airways (G12–G15) in the lungs of all the three age groups. The results suggest that the particle deposition efficiency in lung airways increases with the decrease of particle size due to the Brownian diffusion mechanism. About 3% of 500 nm particles are deposited in airways G12–G15 for the three age groups. As the particle size is decreased to 5 nm, the deposition rate in G12–G15 is increased to over 95%. The present findings can help medical therapy by individually simulating the distribution of drug-aerosol for the patient-specific lung.Md. M. RahmanMing ZhaoMohammad S. IslamKejun DongSuvash C. SahaMDPI AGarticleparticle transport and deposition (TD)airway reductiondrug-aerosol deliveryaging effectlung generationsdiffusion mechanismMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1402, p 1402 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	particle transport and deposition (TD) airway reduction drug-aerosol delivery aging effect lung generations diffusion mechanism Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	particle transport and deposition (TD) airway reduction drug-aerosol delivery aging effect lung generations diffusion mechanism Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Md. M. Rahman Ming Zhao Mohammad S. Islam Kejun Dong Suvash C. Saha Aerosol Particle Transport and Deposition in Upper and Lower Airways of Infant, Child and Adult Human Lungs
description	Understanding transportation and deposition (TD) of aerosol particles in the human respiratory system can help clinical treatment of lung diseases using medicines. The lung airway diameters and the breathing capacity of human lungs normally increase with age until the age of 30. Many studies have analyzed the particle TD in the human lung airways. However, the knowledge of the nanoparticle TD in airways of infants and children with varying inhalation flow rates is still limited in the literature. This study investigates nanoparticle (5 nm ≤ <i>d</i><sub>p</sub> ≤ 500 nm) TD in the lungs of infants, children, and adults. The inhalation air flow rates corresponding to three ages are considered as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Q</mi><mrow><mi>in</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3.22</mn><mrow><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mi>min</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (infant), <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>8.09</mn><mrow><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mi>min</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (Child), and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Q</mi><mrow><mi>in</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>14</mn><mrow><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mi>min</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (adult). It is found that less particles are deposited in upper lung airways (G0–G3) than in lower airways (G12–G15) in the lungs of all the three age groups. The results suggest that the particle deposition efficiency in lung airways increases with the decrease of particle size due to the Brownian diffusion mechanism. About 3% of 500 nm particles are deposited in airways G12–G15 for the three age groups. As the particle size is decreased to 5 nm, the deposition rate in G12–G15 is increased to over 95%. The present findings can help medical therapy by individually simulating the distribution of drug-aerosol for the patient-specific lung.
format	article
author	Md. M. Rahman Ming Zhao Mohammad S. Islam Kejun Dong Suvash C. Saha
author_facet	Md. M. Rahman Ming Zhao Mohammad S. Islam Kejun Dong Suvash C. Saha
author_sort	Md. M. Rahman
title	Aerosol Particle Transport and Deposition in Upper and Lower Airways of Infant, Child and Adult Human Lungs
title_short	Aerosol Particle Transport and Deposition in Upper and Lower Airways of Infant, Child and Adult Human Lungs
title_full	Aerosol Particle Transport and Deposition in Upper and Lower Airways of Infant, Child and Adult Human Lungs
title_fullStr	Aerosol Particle Transport and Deposition in Upper and Lower Airways of Infant, Child and Adult Human Lungs
title_full_unstemmed	Aerosol Particle Transport and Deposition in Upper and Lower Airways of Infant, Child and Adult Human Lungs
title_sort	aerosol particle transport and deposition in upper and lower airways of infant, child and adult human lungs
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a6d39eee17974952be6ff29c82826c97
work_keys_str_mv	AT mdmrahman aerosolparticletransportanddepositioninupperandlowerairwaysofinfantchildandadulthumanlungs AT mingzhao aerosolparticletransportanddepositioninupperandlowerairwaysofinfantchildandadulthumanlungs AT mohammadsislam aerosolparticletransportanddepositioninupperandlowerairwaysofinfantchildandadulthumanlungs AT kejundong aerosolparticletransportanddepositioninupperandlowerairwaysofinfantchildandadulthumanlungs AT suvashcsaha aerosolparticletransportanddepositioninupperandlowerairwaysofinfantchildandadulthumanlungs
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Aerosol Particle Transport and Deposition in Upper and Lower Airways of Infant, Child and Adult Human Lungs

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