Integrated human-animal sero-surveillance of Brucellosis in the pastoral Afar and Somali regions of Ethiopia.

<h4>Background</h4>Brucellosis is widespread in Ethiopia with variable reported prevalence depending on the geographical area, husbandry practices and animal species. However, there is limited information on the disease prevalence amongst pastoral communities, whose life is intricately l...

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Autores principales:	Rea Tschopp, Ashenafi Gebregiorgis, Yayehyirad Tassachew, Henok Andualem, Mahlet Osman, Mulugeta Waji Waqjira, Jan Hattendorf, Abdulkadir Mohammed, Muhammed Hamid, Wassie Molla, Simeneh Awoke Mitiku, Henry Walke, Maria Negron, Melissa Kadzik, Gezahegne Mamo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a6d4bee40516465e95ed35c41820697c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a6d4bee40516465e95ed35c41820697c2021-12-02T20:23:41ZIntegrated human-animal sero-surveillance of Brucellosis in the pastoral Afar and Somali regions of Ethiopia.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009593https://doaj.org/article/a6d4bee40516465e95ed35c41820697c2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009593https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Brucellosis is widespread in Ethiopia with variable reported prevalence depending on the geographical area, husbandry practices and animal species. However, there is limited information on the disease prevalence amongst pastoral communities, whose life is intricately linked with their livestock.<h4>Methodology</h4>We conducted an integrated human-animal brucellosis sero-surveillance study in two adjacent pastoral regions, Afar and Somali region (SRS). This cross-sectional study included 13 woredas (districts) and 650 households. Blood samples were collected from people and livestock species (cattle, camel, goats and sheep). Sera were analyzed with C-ELISA for camels and shoats (sheep and goats), with I-ELISA for cattle and IgG ELISA for humans. Descriptive and inferential statistics analyses were performed.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 5469 sera were tested by ELISA. Prevalence of livestock was 9.0% in Afar and 8.6% in SRS (ranging from 0.6 to 20.2% at woreda level). In humans, prevalence was 48.3% in Afar and 34.9% in SRS (ranging from 0.0 to 74.5% at woreda level). 68.4% of all households in Afar and 57.5% of households in SRS had at least one animal reactor. Overall, 4.1% of animals had a history of abortion. The proportion of animals with abortion history was higher in seropositive animals than in seronegative animals. Risk factor analysis showed that female animals were significantly at higher risk of being reactors (p = 0.013). Among the species, cattle had the least risk of being reactors (p = 0.014). In humans, there was a clear regional association of disease prevalence (p = 0.002). The older the people, the highest the odds of being seropositive.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Brucellosis is widespread in humans and animals in pastoral communities of Afar and SRS with the existence of geographical hotspots. No clear association was seen between human and particular livestock species prevalence, hence there was no indication as whether B. abortus or B. melitensis are circulating in these areas, which warrants further molecular research prior to embarking on a national control programs. Such programs will need to be tailored to the pastoral context.Rea TschoppAshenafi GebregiorgisYayehyirad TassachewHenok AndualemMahlet OsmanMulugeta Waji WaqjiraJan HattendorfAbdulkadir MohammedMuhammed HamidWassie MollaSimeneh Awoke MitikuHenry WalkeMaria NegronMelissa KadzikGezahegne MamoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0009593 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Rea Tschopp Ashenafi Gebregiorgis Yayehyirad Tassachew Henok Andualem Mahlet Osman Mulugeta Waji Waqjira Jan Hattendorf Abdulkadir Mohammed Muhammed Hamid Wassie Molla Simeneh Awoke Mitiku Henry Walke Maria Negron Melissa Kadzik Gezahegne Mamo Integrated human-animal sero-surveillance of Brucellosis in the pastoral Afar and Somali regions of Ethiopia.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Brucellosis is widespread in Ethiopia with variable reported prevalence depending on the geographical area, husbandry practices and animal species. However, there is limited information on the disease prevalence amongst pastoral communities, whose life is intricately linked with their livestock.<h4>Methodology</h4>We conducted an integrated human-animal brucellosis sero-surveillance study in two adjacent pastoral regions, Afar and Somali region (SRS). This cross-sectional study included 13 woredas (districts) and 650 households. Blood samples were collected from people and livestock species (cattle, camel, goats and sheep). Sera were analyzed with C-ELISA for camels and shoats (sheep and goats), with I-ELISA for cattle and IgG ELISA for humans. Descriptive and inferential statistics analyses were performed.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 5469 sera were tested by ELISA. Prevalence of livestock was 9.0% in Afar and 8.6% in SRS (ranging from 0.6 to 20.2% at woreda level). In humans, prevalence was 48.3% in Afar and 34.9% in SRS (ranging from 0.0 to 74.5% at woreda level). 68.4% of all households in Afar and 57.5% of households in SRS had at least one animal reactor. Overall, 4.1% of animals had a history of abortion. The proportion of animals with abortion history was higher in seropositive animals than in seronegative animals. Risk factor analysis showed that female animals were significantly at higher risk of being reactors (p = 0.013). Among the species, cattle had the least risk of being reactors (p = 0.014). In humans, there was a clear regional association of disease prevalence (p = 0.002). The older the people, the highest the odds of being seropositive.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Brucellosis is widespread in humans and animals in pastoral communities of Afar and SRS with the existence of geographical hotspots. No clear association was seen between human and particular livestock species prevalence, hence there was no indication as whether B. abortus or B. melitensis are circulating in these areas, which warrants further molecular research prior to embarking on a national control programs. Such programs will need to be tailored to the pastoral context.
format	article
author	Rea Tschopp Ashenafi Gebregiorgis Yayehyirad Tassachew Henok Andualem Mahlet Osman Mulugeta Waji Waqjira Jan Hattendorf Abdulkadir Mohammed Muhammed Hamid Wassie Molla Simeneh Awoke Mitiku Henry Walke Maria Negron Melissa Kadzik Gezahegne Mamo
author_facet	Rea Tschopp Ashenafi Gebregiorgis Yayehyirad Tassachew Henok Andualem Mahlet Osman Mulugeta Waji Waqjira Jan Hattendorf Abdulkadir Mohammed Muhammed Hamid Wassie Molla Simeneh Awoke Mitiku Henry Walke Maria Negron Melissa Kadzik Gezahegne Mamo
author_sort	Rea Tschopp
title	Integrated human-animal sero-surveillance of Brucellosis in the pastoral Afar and Somali regions of Ethiopia.
title_short	Integrated human-animal sero-surveillance of Brucellosis in the pastoral Afar and Somali regions of Ethiopia.
title_full	Integrated human-animal sero-surveillance of Brucellosis in the pastoral Afar and Somali regions of Ethiopia.
title_fullStr	Integrated human-animal sero-surveillance of Brucellosis in the pastoral Afar and Somali regions of Ethiopia.
title_full_unstemmed	Integrated human-animal sero-surveillance of Brucellosis in the pastoral Afar and Somali regions of Ethiopia.
title_sort	integrated human-animal sero-surveillance of brucellosis in the pastoral afar and somali regions of ethiopia.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a6d4bee40516465e95ed35c41820697c
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Integrated human-animal sero-surveillance of Brucellosis in the pastoral Afar and Somali regions of Ethiopia.

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