Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey

<h4>Objectives</h4> This study aims to investigate the potential factors associated with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. <h4>Methods</h4> This is an online cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese adul...

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Autores principales:	Zijun Xu, Dexing Zhang, Dong Xu, Xue Li, Yao Jie Xie, Wen Sun, Eric Kam-pui Lee, Benjamin Hon-kei Yip, Shuiyuan Xiao, Samuel Yueng-shan Wong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a6ef798c9f694e97aa104b40601f2cf4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a6ef798c9f694e97aa104b40601f2cf42021-11-04T06:07:17ZLoneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey1932-6203https://doaj.org/article/a6ef798c9f694e97aa104b40601f2cf42021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8530321/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objectives</h4> This study aims to investigate the potential factors associated with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. <h4>Methods</h4> This is an online cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese adults in February 2020. Outcome measurements included the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3), two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-2), and two items from the Clinician-Administered Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale. COVID-19 related factors, physical health, lifestyle, and self-efficacy were also measured. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed. <h4>Results</h4> This study included 1456 participants (age: 33.8±10.5 years; female: 59.1%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, loneliness, and PTSD symptoms were 11.3%, 7.6%, 38.7%, and 33.9%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, loneliness was associated with being single, separated/divorced/widowed, low level of education, current location, medication, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and going out frequently. Depression was associated with fear of infection, binge drinking, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and longer screen time. Anxiety was associated with more somatic symptoms and lower self-efficacy. PTSD symptoms were associated with more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, higher perceived risk of infection, fear of infection, and self-rated more negative influence due to the epidemic (p<0.05). <h4>Conclusions</h4> Mental health problems during the COVID-19 epidemic were associated with various biopsychosocial and COVID-19 related factors. Psychological interventions should be aware of these influencing factors and prioritize support for those people at higher risk.Zijun XuDexing ZhangDong XuXue LiYao Jie XieWen SunEric Kam-pui LeeBenjamin Hon-kei YipShuiyuan XiaoSamuel Yueng-shan WongPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Zijun Xu Dexing Zhang Dong Xu Xue Li Yao Jie Xie Wen Sun Eric Kam-pui Lee Benjamin Hon-kei Yip Shuiyuan Xiao Samuel Yueng-shan Wong Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey
description	<h4>Objectives</h4> This study aims to investigate the potential factors associated with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. <h4>Methods</h4> This is an online cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese adults in February 2020. Outcome measurements included the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3), two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-2), and two items from the Clinician-Administered Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale. COVID-19 related factors, physical health, lifestyle, and self-efficacy were also measured. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed. <h4>Results</h4> This study included 1456 participants (age: 33.8±10.5 years; female: 59.1%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, loneliness, and PTSD symptoms were 11.3%, 7.6%, 38.7%, and 33.9%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, loneliness was associated with being single, separated/divorced/widowed, low level of education, current location, medication, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and going out frequently. Depression was associated with fear of infection, binge drinking, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and longer screen time. Anxiety was associated with more somatic symptoms and lower self-efficacy. PTSD symptoms were associated with more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, higher perceived risk of infection, fear of infection, and self-rated more negative influence due to the epidemic (p<0.05). <h4>Conclusions</h4> Mental health problems during the COVID-19 epidemic were associated with various biopsychosocial and COVID-19 related factors. Psychological interventions should be aware of these influencing factors and prioritize support for those people at higher risk.
format	article
author	Zijun Xu Dexing Zhang Dong Xu Xue Li Yao Jie Xie Wen Sun Eric Kam-pui Lee Benjamin Hon-kei Yip Shuiyuan Xiao Samuel Yueng-shan Wong
author_facet	Zijun Xu Dexing Zhang Dong Xu Xue Li Yao Jie Xie Wen Sun Eric Kam-pui Lee Benjamin Hon-kei Yip Shuiyuan Xiao Samuel Yueng-shan Wong
author_sort	Zijun Xu
title	Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey
title_short	Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey
title_full	Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey
title_fullStr	Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey
title_full_unstemmed	Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey
title_sort	loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among chinese adults during covid-19: a cross-sectional online survey
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a6ef798c9f694e97aa104b40601f2cf4
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Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey

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