Barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist

Abstract External factors such as geography and weather strongly affect bird migration influencing daily travel schedules and flight speeds. For strictly thermal-soaring migrants, weather explains most seasonal and regional differences in speed. Flight generalists, which alternate between soaring an...

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Autores principales:	Lina Lopez-Ricaurte, Wouter M. G. Vansteelant, Jesús Hernández-Pliego, Daniel García-Silveira, Ana Bermejo-Bermejo, Susana Casado, Jacopo G. Cecere, Javier de la Puente, Fernando Garcés-Toledano, Juan Martínez-Dalmau, Alfredo Ortega, Beatriz Rodríguez-Moreno, Diego Rubolini, Maurizio Sarà, Javier Bustamante
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a70361742db541d1a9a90b648c9f62f8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a70361742db541d1a9a90b648c9f62f82021-12-02T17:30:40ZBarrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist10.1038/s41598-021-91378-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a70361742db541d1a9a90b648c9f62f82021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91378-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract External factors such as geography and weather strongly affect bird migration influencing daily travel schedules and flight speeds. For strictly thermal-soaring migrants, weather explains most seasonal and regional differences in speed. Flight generalists, which alternate between soaring and flapping flight, are expected to be less dependent on weather, and daily travel schedules are likely to be strongly influenced by geography and internal factors such as sex. We GPS-tracked the migration of 70 lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) to estimate the relative importance of external factors (wind, geography), internal factors (sex) and season, and the extent to which they explain variation in travel speed, distance, and duration. Our results show that geography and tailwind are important factors in explaining variation in daily travel schedules and speeds. We found that wind explained most of the seasonal differences in travel speed. In both seasons, lesser kestrels sprinted across ecological barriers and frequently migrated during the day and night. Conversely, they travelled at a slower pace and mainly during the day over non-barriers. Our results highlighted that external factors far outweighed internal factors and season in explaining variation in migratory behaviour of a flight generalist, despite its ability to switch between flight modes.Lina Lopez-RicaurteWouter M. G. VansteelantJesús Hernández-PliegoDaniel García-SilveiraAna Bermejo-BermejoSusana CasadoJacopo G. CecereJavier de la PuenteFernando Garcés-ToledanoJuan Martínez-DalmauAlfredo OrtegaBeatriz Rodríguez-MorenoDiego RuboliniMaurizio SaràJavier BustamanteNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lina Lopez-Ricaurte Wouter M. G. Vansteelant Jesús Hernández-Pliego Daniel García-Silveira Ana Bermejo-Bermejo Susana Casado Jacopo G. Cecere Javier de la Puente Fernando Garcés-Toledano Juan Martínez-Dalmau Alfredo Ortega Beatriz Rodríguez-Moreno Diego Rubolini Maurizio Sarà Javier Bustamante Barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist
description	Abstract External factors such as geography and weather strongly affect bird migration influencing daily travel schedules and flight speeds. For strictly thermal-soaring migrants, weather explains most seasonal and regional differences in speed. Flight generalists, which alternate between soaring and flapping flight, are expected to be less dependent on weather, and daily travel schedules are likely to be strongly influenced by geography and internal factors such as sex. We GPS-tracked the migration of 70 lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) to estimate the relative importance of external factors (wind, geography), internal factors (sex) and season, and the extent to which they explain variation in travel speed, distance, and duration. Our results show that geography and tailwind are important factors in explaining variation in daily travel schedules and speeds. We found that wind explained most of the seasonal differences in travel speed. In both seasons, lesser kestrels sprinted across ecological barriers and frequently migrated during the day and night. Conversely, they travelled at a slower pace and mainly during the day over non-barriers. Our results highlighted that external factors far outweighed internal factors and season in explaining variation in migratory behaviour of a flight generalist, despite its ability to switch between flight modes.
format	article
author	Lina Lopez-Ricaurte Wouter M. G. Vansteelant Jesús Hernández-Pliego Daniel García-Silveira Ana Bermejo-Bermejo Susana Casado Jacopo G. Cecere Javier de la Puente Fernando Garcés-Toledano Juan Martínez-Dalmau Alfredo Ortega Beatriz Rodríguez-Moreno Diego Rubolini Maurizio Sarà Javier Bustamante
author_facet	Lina Lopez-Ricaurte Wouter M. G. Vansteelant Jesús Hernández-Pliego Daniel García-Silveira Ana Bermejo-Bermejo Susana Casado Jacopo G. Cecere Javier de la Puente Fernando Garcés-Toledano Juan Martínez-Dalmau Alfredo Ortega Beatriz Rodríguez-Moreno Diego Rubolini Maurizio Sarà Javier Bustamante
author_sort	Lina Lopez-Ricaurte
title	Barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist
title_short	Barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist
title_full	Barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist
title_fullStr	Barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist
title_full_unstemmed	Barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist
title_sort	barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a70361742db541d1a9a90b648c9f62f8
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Barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist

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