Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Ismail AS, Rizal Y, Kasim A. 2021. Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1474-1480. Gambier liquid by-product (GLB) is a by-product of gambier production, alleged to contain similar flavonoid compou...

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Autores principales:	Akhis Soleh Ismail, YOSE RIZAL, ARMENIA ARMENIA, ANWAR KASIM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MBI & UNS Solo 2021
Materias:	gambier, gambier liquid by-product, flavonoid, ftir, lc-ms/ms Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a7175687d42f47a7ae0c784a0f3f875d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a7175687d42f47a7ae0c784a0f3f875d2021-11-22T00:56:36ZIdentification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia1412-033X2085-472210.13057/biodiv/d220351https://doaj.org/article/a7175687d42f47a7ae0c784a0f3f875d2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/7205https://doaj.org/toc/1412-033Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2085-4722Abstract. Ismail AS, Rizal Y, Kasim A. 2021. Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1474-1480. Gambier liquid by-product (GLB) is a by-product of gambier production, alleged to contain similar flavonoid compounds. Currently, there is no available information on the active components of GLB. This study, therefore, aims to identify the active compounds in GLB using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and screen for active compounds using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupled the mass spectrometry time of flight (LC-MS/MS QTOF) positive (ESI+) and negative (ESI-) ionization modes. The results of the functional-group identification spectra showed 5 peaks, and the GLB was characterized by a hydroxyl group (OH) at 3423.22 cm-1 wavelength, indicating a phenolic compound. Meanwhile, CO2 was identified at 2360.92 and 2344.84, C=O at 1654.43 and C-H stretching at 1400.26 cm-1 wavelength. LC-MS/MS screening in ESI+ mode identified that the GLB contained 22 active compounds, while the ESI- mode confirmed that the GLB had 14 active compounds. Based on these two ionization modes, nine compounds, quercetin 3-glucoside, gallocatechin-4beta-OI, (-)-epi-afzelechin, quercetin-3-O-(2G-?-Lrhamnosyl)-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-?-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-?-L-rhamnoside, epigallocatechin 3-O-P-coumarate, quercetin 3-O-(6''-acetyl-galactoside) 7-O-rhamnoside and quercetin 3-(4''-acetylrhamnoside) 7-rhamnoside were discovered. Therefore, GLB was discovered to contain 27 active compounds that all of these compounds are flavonoid group, and some of these substances are also present in the gambier product.Akhis Soleh IsmailYOSE RIZALARMENIA ARMENIAANWAR KASIMMBI & UNS Soloarticlegambier, gambier liquid by-product, flavonoid, ftir, lc-ms/msBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiodiversitas, Vol 22, Iss 3 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	gambier, gambier liquid by-product, flavonoid, ftir, lc-ms/ms Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	gambier, gambier liquid by-product, flavonoid, ftir, lc-ms/ms Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Akhis Soleh Ismail YOSE RIZAL ARMENIA ARMENIA ANWAR KASIM Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia
description	Abstract. Ismail AS, Rizal Y, Kasim A. 2021. Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1474-1480. Gambier liquid by-product (GLB) is a by-product of gambier production, alleged to contain similar flavonoid compounds. Currently, there is no available information on the active components of GLB. This study, therefore, aims to identify the active compounds in GLB using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and screen for active compounds using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupled the mass spectrometry time of flight (LC-MS/MS QTOF) positive (ESI+) and negative (ESI-) ionization modes. The results of the functional-group identification spectra showed 5 peaks, and the GLB was characterized by a hydroxyl group (OH) at 3423.22 cm-1 wavelength, indicating a phenolic compound. Meanwhile, CO2 was identified at 2360.92 and 2344.84, C=O at 1654.43 and C-H stretching at 1400.26 cm-1 wavelength. LC-MS/MS screening in ESI+ mode identified that the GLB contained 22 active compounds, while the ESI- mode confirmed that the GLB had 14 active compounds. Based on these two ionization modes, nine compounds, quercetin 3-glucoside, gallocatechin-4beta-OI, (-)-epi-afzelechin, quercetin-3-O-(2G-?-Lrhamnosyl)-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-?-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-?-L-rhamnoside, epigallocatechin 3-O-P-coumarate, quercetin 3-O-(6''-acetyl-galactoside) 7-O-rhamnoside and quercetin 3-(4''-acetylrhamnoside) 7-rhamnoside were discovered. Therefore, GLB was discovered to contain 27 active compounds that all of these compounds are flavonoid group, and some of these substances are also present in the gambier product.
format	article
author	Akhis Soleh Ismail YOSE RIZAL ARMENIA ARMENIA ANWAR KASIM
author_facet	Akhis Soleh Ismail YOSE RIZAL ARMENIA ARMENIA ANWAR KASIM
author_sort	Akhis Soleh Ismail
title	Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia
title_short	Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia
title_full	Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia
title_fullStr	Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed	Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia
title_sort	identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in west sumatra, indonesia
publisher	MBI & UNS Solo
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a7175687d42f47a7ae0c784a0f3f875d
work_keys_str_mv	AT akhissolehismail identificationofbioactivecompoundsingambieruncariagambirliquidbyproductinwestsumatraindonesia AT yoserizal identificationofbioactivecompoundsingambieruncariagambirliquidbyproductinwestsumatraindonesia AT armeniaarmenia identificationofbioactivecompoundsingambieruncariagambirliquidbyproductinwestsumatraindonesia AT anwarkasim identificationofbioactivecompoundsingambieruncariagambirliquidbyproductinwestsumatraindonesia
_version_	1718418477908230144

Identification of bioactive compounds in gambier (Uncaria gambir) liquid by-product in West Sumatra, Indonesia

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