Tad Pili Play a Dynamic Role in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Caulobacter crescentus</named-content> Surface Colonization

ABSTRACT Bacterial surface attachment is mediated by filamentous appendages called pili. Here, we describe the role of Tad pili during surface colonization of Caulobacter crescentus. Using an optical trap and microfluidic controlled flow conditions to mimic natural environments, we demonstrated that...

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Autores principales:	Matteo Sangermani, Isabelle Hug, Nora Sauter, Thomas Pfohl, Urs Jenal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	Caulobacter type IV pili c-di-GMP surface sensing Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a746d966bd454d35b3dcf268afd5fa97
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a746d966bd454d35b3dcf268afd5fa972021-11-15T15:55:24ZTad Pili Play a Dynamic Role in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Caulobacter crescentus</named-content> Surface Colonization10.1128/mBio.01237-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/a746d966bd454d35b3dcf268afd5fa972019-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01237-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Bacterial surface attachment is mediated by filamentous appendages called pili. Here, we describe the role of Tad pili during surface colonization of Caulobacter crescentus. Using an optical trap and microfluidic controlled flow conditions to mimic natural environments, we demonstrated that Tad pili undergo repeated dynamic cycles of extension and retraction. Within seconds after establishing surface contact, pilus retraction reorients cells into an upright position, promoting walking-like movements against the medium flow. Pilus-mediated positioning of the flagellate pole close to the surface facilitates motor-mediated mechanical sensing and promotes anchoring of the holdfast, an adhesive substance that affords long-term attachment. We present evidence that the second messenger c-di-GMP regulates pilus dynamics during surface encounter in distinct ways, promoting increased activity at intermediate levels and retraction of pili at peak concentrations. We propose a model in which flagellum and Tad pili functionally interact and together impose a ratchet-like mechanism that progressively drives C. crescentus cells toward permanent surface attachment. IMPORTANCE Bacteria are able to colonize surfaces in environmental, industrial, and medical settings, where they form resilient communities called biofilms. In order to control bacterial surface colonization, microbiologists need to gain a detailed understanding of the processes that bacteria use to live at the liquid-surface interface and that allow them to adhere to and move on surfaces and eventually grow and persist on solid media. To facilitate these processes, bacteria are equipped with adhesive structures such as flagella and pili and with matrix components such as exopolysaccharides. How these cellular organelles are coordinated to optimize surface processes is currently subject to intense investigations. Here we used the model organism Caulobacter crescentus to demonstrate that polar pili are highly dynamic structures that are functionally interconnected with the flagellar motor to mediate surface sensing, thereby enforcing rapid and permanent surface attachment. These studies provide an entry point for an in-depth molecular analysis of bacterial surface colonization.Matteo SangermaniIsabelle HugNora SauterThomas PfohlUrs JenalAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleCaulobactertype IV pilic-di-GMPsurface sensingMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 10, Iss 3 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Caulobacter type IV pili c-di-GMP surface sensing Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Caulobacter type IV pili c-di-GMP surface sensing Microbiology QR1-502 Matteo Sangermani Isabelle Hug Nora Sauter Thomas Pfohl Urs Jenal Tad Pili Play a Dynamic Role in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Caulobacter crescentus</named-content> Surface Colonization
description	ABSTRACT Bacterial surface attachment is mediated by filamentous appendages called pili. Here, we describe the role of Tad pili during surface colonization of Caulobacter crescentus. Using an optical trap and microfluidic controlled flow conditions to mimic natural environments, we demonstrated that Tad pili undergo repeated dynamic cycles of extension and retraction. Within seconds after establishing surface contact, pilus retraction reorients cells into an upright position, promoting walking-like movements against the medium flow. Pilus-mediated positioning of the flagellate pole close to the surface facilitates motor-mediated mechanical sensing and promotes anchoring of the holdfast, an adhesive substance that affords long-term attachment. We present evidence that the second messenger c-di-GMP regulates pilus dynamics during surface encounter in distinct ways, promoting increased activity at intermediate levels and retraction of pili at peak concentrations. We propose a model in which flagellum and Tad pili functionally interact and together impose a ratchet-like mechanism that progressively drives C. crescentus cells toward permanent surface attachment. IMPORTANCE Bacteria are able to colonize surfaces in environmental, industrial, and medical settings, where they form resilient communities called biofilms. In order to control bacterial surface colonization, microbiologists need to gain a detailed understanding of the processes that bacteria use to live at the liquid-surface interface and that allow them to adhere to and move on surfaces and eventually grow and persist on solid media. To facilitate these processes, bacteria are equipped with adhesive structures such as flagella and pili and with matrix components such as exopolysaccharides. How these cellular organelles are coordinated to optimize surface processes is currently subject to intense investigations. Here we used the model organism Caulobacter crescentus to demonstrate that polar pili are highly dynamic structures that are functionally interconnected with the flagellar motor to mediate surface sensing, thereby enforcing rapid and permanent surface attachment. These studies provide an entry point for an in-depth molecular analysis of bacterial surface colonization.
format	article
author	Matteo Sangermani Isabelle Hug Nora Sauter Thomas Pfohl Urs Jenal
author_facet	Matteo Sangermani Isabelle Hug Nora Sauter Thomas Pfohl Urs Jenal
author_sort	Matteo Sangermani
title	Tad Pili Play a Dynamic Role in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Caulobacter crescentus</named-content> Surface Colonization
title_short	Tad Pili Play a Dynamic Role in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Caulobacter crescentus</named-content> Surface Colonization
title_full	Tad Pili Play a Dynamic Role in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Caulobacter crescentus</named-content> Surface Colonization
title_fullStr	Tad Pili Play a Dynamic Role in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Caulobacter crescentus</named-content> Surface Colonization
title_full_unstemmed	Tad Pili Play a Dynamic Role in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Caulobacter crescentus</named-content> Surface Colonization
title_sort	tad pili play a dynamic role in <named-content content-type="genus-species">caulobacter crescentus</named-content> surface colonization
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/a746d966bd454d35b3dcf268afd5fa97
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Tad Pili Play a Dynamic Role in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Caulobacter crescentus</named-content> Surface Colonization

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