A One-Year Longitudinal Study: Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) fighting COVID-19 have been associated with depression and anxiety, but there is limited data to illustrate these changes over time. We aim to quantify the changes in depression and anxiety amongst Emergency Department (ED) HCWs over one year and examine the facto...

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Autores principales:	Francesca Th’ng, Kailing Adriel Rao, Lixia Ge, Desmond Mao, Hwee Nah Neo, Joseph Antonio De Molina, Eillyne Seow
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 depression anxiety emergency department healthcare workers mental health Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a76e24a7883e49b68ec4af7445c0fd2f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a76e24a7883e49b68ec4af7445c0fd2f2021-11-11T16:22:57ZA One-Year Longitudinal Study: Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic10.3390/ijerph1821112281660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/a76e24a7883e49b68ec4af7445c0fd2f2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11228https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) fighting COVID-19 have been associated with depression and anxiety, but there is limited data to illustrate these changes over time. We aim to quantify the changes in depression and anxiety amongst Emergency Department (ED) HCWs over one year and examine the factors associated with these changes. In this longitudinal single-centre study in Singapore, all ED HCWs were prospectively recruited face-to-face. Paper-based surveys were administered in June 2020 and June 2021. Depression and anxiety were measured using DASS-21. The results of 241 HCWs who had completed both surveys were matched. There was significant improvement in anxiety amongst all HCWs (Mean: 2020: 2.85 (±3.19) vs. 2021: 2.54 (±3.11); Median: 2020: 2 (0–4) vs. 2021: 2 (0–4), <i>p</i> = 0.045). HCWs living with elderly and with concerns about infection risk had higher odds of anxiety; those living with young children had lower odds of anxiety. There was significant worsening depression amongst doctors (Mean: 2020: 2.71 (±4.18) vs. 2021: 3.60 (±4.50); Median: 2020: 1 (0–3) vs. 2021: 3 (0–5), <i>p</i> = 0.018). HCWs ≥ 41 years, living with elderly and with greater concerns about workload had higher odds of depression. HCWs who perceived better workplace support and better social connectedness had lower odds of depression. In summary, our study showed significant improvement in anxiety amongst ED HCWs and significant worsening depression amongst ED doctors over one year. Age, living with elderly, and concerns about workload and infection risk were associated with higher odds of depression and anxiety.Francesca Th’ngKailing Adriel RaoLixia GeDesmond MaoHwee Nah NeoJoseph Antonio De MolinaEillyne SeowMDPI AGarticleCOVID-19depressionanxietyemergency departmenthealthcare workersmental healthMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11228, p 11228 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 depression anxiety emergency department healthcare workers mental health Medicine R
spellingShingle	COVID-19 depression anxiety emergency department healthcare workers mental health Medicine R Francesca Th’ng Kailing Adriel Rao Lixia Ge Desmond Mao Hwee Nah Neo Joseph Antonio De Molina Eillyne Seow A One-Year Longitudinal Study: Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic
description	Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) fighting COVID-19 have been associated with depression and anxiety, but there is limited data to illustrate these changes over time. We aim to quantify the changes in depression and anxiety amongst Emergency Department (ED) HCWs over one year and examine the factors associated with these changes. In this longitudinal single-centre study in Singapore, all ED HCWs were prospectively recruited face-to-face. Paper-based surveys were administered in June 2020 and June 2021. Depression and anxiety were measured using DASS-21. The results of 241 HCWs who had completed both surveys were matched. There was significant improvement in anxiety amongst all HCWs (Mean: 2020: 2.85 (±3.19) vs. 2021: 2.54 (±3.11); Median: 2020: 2 (0–4) vs. 2021: 2 (0–4), <i>p</i> = 0.045). HCWs living with elderly and with concerns about infection risk had higher odds of anxiety; those living with young children had lower odds of anxiety. There was significant worsening depression amongst doctors (Mean: 2020: 2.71 (±4.18) vs. 2021: 3.60 (±4.50); Median: 2020: 1 (0–3) vs. 2021: 3 (0–5), <i>p</i> = 0.018). HCWs ≥ 41 years, living with elderly and with greater concerns about workload had higher odds of depression. HCWs who perceived better workplace support and better social connectedness had lower odds of depression. In summary, our study showed significant improvement in anxiety amongst ED HCWs and significant worsening depression amongst ED doctors over one year. Age, living with elderly, and concerns about workload and infection risk were associated with higher odds of depression and anxiety.
format	article
author	Francesca Th’ng Kailing Adriel Rao Lixia Ge Desmond Mao Hwee Nah Neo Joseph Antonio De Molina Eillyne Seow
author_facet	Francesca Th’ng Kailing Adriel Rao Lixia Ge Desmond Mao Hwee Nah Neo Joseph Antonio De Molina Eillyne Seow
author_sort	Francesca Th’ng
title	A One-Year Longitudinal Study: Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_short	A One-Year Longitudinal Study: Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full	A One-Year Longitudinal Study: Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_fullStr	A One-Year Longitudinal Study: Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full_unstemmed	A One-Year Longitudinal Study: Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_sort	one-year longitudinal study: changes in depression and anxiety in frontline emergency department healthcare workers in the covid-19 pandemic
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a76e24a7883e49b68ec4af7445c0fd2f
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A One-Year Longitudinal Study: Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic

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