The interactive effect of pH variation and cadmium stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters.

Anthropogenic activities such as mining, manufacturing, and application of fertilizers release substantial quantities of cadmium (Cd) into the environment. In the natural environment, varying pH may play an important role in the absorption and accumulation of Cd in plants, which can cause toxicity a...

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Autores principales:	Shafeeq Ur Rahman, Qi Xuebin, Luqman Riaz, Ghulam Yasin, Adnan Noor Shah, Umbreen Shahzad, Muhammad Shah Jahan, Allah Ditta, Muhammad Amjad Bashir, Abdur Rehim, Zhenjie Du
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a7728e805ba041808c124ab7e5413fc9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a7728e805ba041808c124ab7e5413fc92021-12-02T20:15:29ZThe interactive effect of pH variation and cadmium stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253798https://doaj.org/article/a7728e805ba041808c124ab7e5413fc92021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253798https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Anthropogenic activities such as mining, manufacturing, and application of fertilizers release substantial quantities of cadmium (Cd) into the environment. In the natural environment, varying pH may play an important role in the absorption and accumulation of Cd in plants, which can cause toxicity and increase the risk to humans. We conducted a hydroponic experiment to examine the impact of pH on cadmium (Cd) solubility and bioavailability in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under controlled environmental conditions. The results showed that Cd concentration was significantly reduced in wheat with an increase in pH from 5 to 7, while it was dramatically increased at pH ranging from 7 to 9. However, in both cases, a significant reduction in physiological traits was observed. The addition of Cd (20, 50, and 200 μmol L-1) at all pH levels caused a substantial decline in wheat growth, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, nutrient availability, while elevated cell membrane damage was observed in terms of electrolytic leakage (EL), osmoprotectants, and antioxidants activity. In our findings, the negative effects of acidic pH (5) on wheat growth and development were more pronounced in the presence of Cd toxicities. For instance, Cd concentration with 20, 50, and 200 μmol L-1 at acidic pH (5) reduced shoot dry biomass by 45%, 53%, and 79%, total chlorophyll contents by 26%, 41%, 56% while increased CAT activity in shoot by 109%, 175%, and 221%, SOD activity in shoot by 122%, 135%, and 167%, POD activity in shoot by 137%, 250%, and 265%, MDA contents in shoot by 51%, 83%, and 150%, H2O2 contents in shoot by 175%, 219%, and 292%, EL in shoot by 108%, 165%, and 230%, proline contents in shoot by 235%, 280%, and 393%, respectively as compared to neutral pH without Cd toxicities. On the other hand, neutral pH with Cd toxicities alleviated the negative effects of Cd toxicity on wheat plants by limiting Cd uptake, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and increased nutrient availability. In conclusion, neutral pH minimized the adverse effects of Cd stress by minimizing its uptake and accumulation in wheat plants.Shafeeq Ur RahmanQi XuebinLuqman RiazGhulam YasinAdnan Noor ShahUmbreen ShahzadMuhammad Shah JahanAllah DittaMuhammad Amjad BashirAbdur RehimZhenjie DuPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0253798 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Shafeeq Ur Rahman Qi Xuebin Luqman Riaz Ghulam Yasin Adnan Noor Shah Umbreen Shahzad Muhammad Shah Jahan Allah Ditta Muhammad Amjad Bashir Abdur Rehim Zhenjie Du The interactive effect of pH variation and cadmium stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters.
description	Anthropogenic activities such as mining, manufacturing, and application of fertilizers release substantial quantities of cadmium (Cd) into the environment. In the natural environment, varying pH may play an important role in the absorption and accumulation of Cd in plants, which can cause toxicity and increase the risk to humans. We conducted a hydroponic experiment to examine the impact of pH on cadmium (Cd) solubility and bioavailability in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under controlled environmental conditions. The results showed that Cd concentration was significantly reduced in wheat with an increase in pH from 5 to 7, while it was dramatically increased at pH ranging from 7 to 9. However, in both cases, a significant reduction in physiological traits was observed. The addition of Cd (20, 50, and 200 μmol L-1) at all pH levels caused a substantial decline in wheat growth, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, nutrient availability, while elevated cell membrane damage was observed in terms of electrolytic leakage (EL), osmoprotectants, and antioxidants activity. In our findings, the negative effects of acidic pH (5) on wheat growth and development were more pronounced in the presence of Cd toxicities. For instance, Cd concentration with 20, 50, and 200 μmol L-1 at acidic pH (5) reduced shoot dry biomass by 45%, 53%, and 79%, total chlorophyll contents by 26%, 41%, 56% while increased CAT activity in shoot by 109%, 175%, and 221%, SOD activity in shoot by 122%, 135%, and 167%, POD activity in shoot by 137%, 250%, and 265%, MDA contents in shoot by 51%, 83%, and 150%, H2O2 contents in shoot by 175%, 219%, and 292%, EL in shoot by 108%, 165%, and 230%, proline contents in shoot by 235%, 280%, and 393%, respectively as compared to neutral pH without Cd toxicities. On the other hand, neutral pH with Cd toxicities alleviated the negative effects of Cd toxicity on wheat plants by limiting Cd uptake, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and increased nutrient availability. In conclusion, neutral pH minimized the adverse effects of Cd stress by minimizing its uptake and accumulation in wheat plants.
format	article
author	Shafeeq Ur Rahman Qi Xuebin Luqman Riaz Ghulam Yasin Adnan Noor Shah Umbreen Shahzad Muhammad Shah Jahan Allah Ditta Muhammad Amjad Bashir Abdur Rehim Zhenjie Du
author_facet	Shafeeq Ur Rahman Qi Xuebin Luqman Riaz Ghulam Yasin Adnan Noor Shah Umbreen Shahzad Muhammad Shah Jahan Allah Ditta Muhammad Amjad Bashir Abdur Rehim Zhenjie Du
author_sort	Shafeeq Ur Rahman
title	The interactive effect of pH variation and cadmium stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters.
title_short	The interactive effect of pH variation and cadmium stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters.
title_full	The interactive effect of pH variation and cadmium stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters.
title_fullStr	The interactive effect of pH variation and cadmium stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters.
title_full_unstemmed	The interactive effect of pH variation and cadmium stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters.
title_sort	interactive effect of ph variation and cadmium stress on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a7728e805ba041808c124ab7e5413fc9
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The interactive effect of pH variation and cadmium stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, physiological and biochemical parameters.

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