Quantifying the effects of co-composting organic biomass mixtures with inorganic amendments to obtain value-added bio-products.

Co-digestion of organic biomass mixed with inorganic amendments could have an impact on composting dynamics. Various studies highlighted fertilizers' role as an additive to lesser the nitrogen loss, while some studies focused on the addition of fertilizers to enhance the efficiency. The changes...

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Autores principales:	Rana Shahzad Noor, Yong Sun, Jingbo Qu, Fiaz Hussain, Muhammad Mohsin Waqas, Adnan Noor Shah, Rabeea Noor
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a77ba2bf392d4c82a75010a9ed285010
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a77ba2bf392d4c82a75010a9ed2850102021-12-02T20:15:22ZQuantifying the effects of co-composting organic biomass mixtures with inorganic amendments to obtain value-added bio-products.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253714https://doaj.org/article/a77ba2bf392d4c82a75010a9ed2850102021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253714https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Co-digestion of organic biomass mixed with inorganic amendments could have an impact on composting dynamics. Various studies highlighted fertilizers' role as an additive to lesser the nitrogen loss, while some studies focused on the addition of fertilizers to enhance the efficiency. The changes in carbon, nitrogen components, and humic substances during the organic-inorganic co-compost process were seldom studied. Clarifying these changes might help improve the production process and compost nutrients contents. Thus, this study's purpose is to investigate the effects of inorganic amendments on compost characteristics, compost temperature, biochemical methane production (BMP), and nutritional contents. The inorganic phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), and sulfur solubilizing agent (SSA) were added to Farmyard manure (FYM) mixed with biodegradable waste (BW), including wheat straw, corn stalks, and green lawn waste. The P and S amended treatments were carried out into two sets, with and without SSA. The mixed feedstocks were added in the insulated RBC composting pit (15 x 15 x 10 feet). The compost material's moisture content was maintained 50-65% during the entire composting process for optimum waste digestion i.e., the moisture content (MC) of FYM was 82.7% and for BW ranged 8.8-10.2%, while the C/N ratio was found 10.5 for FYM, 74.5 for wheat straw, 83.5 for corn stalks, and 84.8 for lawn waste. At the condition of compost maturity, the inorganic amendments have no significant effect on composted material's moisture content. The maximum organic matter of 69.7% and C/N ratio of 44.6 was measured in T1. On the 6th day of composting, the temperature reached to thermophilic range (>45 oC) in all the treatments due to aeration of compost increased microbial activities and waste decomposition rate and decreased gradually to mesophilic range (35-45 oC) because the supply of high-energy compounds becomes exhausted. The highest temperature was reached in T4 (58 oC) and lowest in CT (47 oC). The significantly maximum methane of 8.95 m3 and biogas burning was 818 minutes in CT, followed by T1 and T4. The results of this study revealed that P enriched compost is a feasible and sustainable way to overcome P deficiency in the soil as well as in plants and best way to use low-grade P and organic waste material.Rana Shahzad NoorYong SunJingbo QuFiaz HussainMuhammad Mohsin WaqasAdnan Noor ShahRabeea NoorPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0253714 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Rana Shahzad Noor Yong Sun Jingbo Qu Fiaz Hussain Muhammad Mohsin Waqas Adnan Noor Shah Rabeea Noor Quantifying the effects of co-composting organic biomass mixtures with inorganic amendments to obtain value-added bio-products.
description	Co-digestion of organic biomass mixed with inorganic amendments could have an impact on composting dynamics. Various studies highlighted fertilizers' role as an additive to lesser the nitrogen loss, while some studies focused on the addition of fertilizers to enhance the efficiency. The changes in carbon, nitrogen components, and humic substances during the organic-inorganic co-compost process were seldom studied. Clarifying these changes might help improve the production process and compost nutrients contents. Thus, this study's purpose is to investigate the effects of inorganic amendments on compost characteristics, compost temperature, biochemical methane production (BMP), and nutritional contents. The inorganic phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), and sulfur solubilizing agent (SSA) were added to Farmyard manure (FYM) mixed with biodegradable waste (BW), including wheat straw, corn stalks, and green lawn waste. The P and S amended treatments were carried out into two sets, with and without SSA. The mixed feedstocks were added in the insulated RBC composting pit (15 x 15 x 10 feet). The compost material's moisture content was maintained 50-65% during the entire composting process for optimum waste digestion i.e., the moisture content (MC) of FYM was 82.7% and for BW ranged 8.8-10.2%, while the C/N ratio was found 10.5 for FYM, 74.5 for wheat straw, 83.5 for corn stalks, and 84.8 for lawn waste. At the condition of compost maturity, the inorganic amendments have no significant effect on composted material's moisture content. The maximum organic matter of 69.7% and C/N ratio of 44.6 was measured in T1. On the 6th day of composting, the temperature reached to thermophilic range (>45 oC) in all the treatments due to aeration of compost increased microbial activities and waste decomposition rate and decreased gradually to mesophilic range (35-45 oC) because the supply of high-energy compounds becomes exhausted. The highest temperature was reached in T4 (58 oC) and lowest in CT (47 oC). The significantly maximum methane of 8.95 m3 and biogas burning was 818 minutes in CT, followed by T1 and T4. The results of this study revealed that P enriched compost is a feasible and sustainable way to overcome P deficiency in the soil as well as in plants and best way to use low-grade P and organic waste material.
format	article
author	Rana Shahzad Noor Yong Sun Jingbo Qu Fiaz Hussain Muhammad Mohsin Waqas Adnan Noor Shah Rabeea Noor
author_facet	Rana Shahzad Noor Yong Sun Jingbo Qu Fiaz Hussain Muhammad Mohsin Waqas Adnan Noor Shah Rabeea Noor
author_sort	Rana Shahzad Noor
title	Quantifying the effects of co-composting organic biomass mixtures with inorganic amendments to obtain value-added bio-products.
title_short	Quantifying the effects of co-composting organic biomass mixtures with inorganic amendments to obtain value-added bio-products.
title_full	Quantifying the effects of co-composting organic biomass mixtures with inorganic amendments to obtain value-added bio-products.
title_fullStr	Quantifying the effects of co-composting organic biomass mixtures with inorganic amendments to obtain value-added bio-products.
title_full_unstemmed	Quantifying the effects of co-composting organic biomass mixtures with inorganic amendments to obtain value-added bio-products.
title_sort	quantifying the effects of co-composting organic biomass mixtures with inorganic amendments to obtain value-added bio-products.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a77ba2bf392d4c82a75010a9ed285010
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Quantifying the effects of co-composting organic biomass mixtures with inorganic amendments to obtain value-added bio-products.

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