Entanglement Phase Transitions in Measurement-Only Dynamics

Unitary circuits subject to repeated projective measurements can undergo an entanglement phase transition (EPT) as a function of the measurement rate. This transition is generally understood in terms of a competition between the scrambling effects of unitary dynamics and the disentangling effects of...

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Autores principales:	Matteo Ippoliti, Michael J. Gullans, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, David A. Huse, Vedika Khemani
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Physical Society 2021
Materias:	Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a788681ae5d44405bb9def41fc8ab855
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a788681ae5d44405bb9def41fc8ab8552021-12-02T12:09:55ZEntanglement Phase Transitions in Measurement-Only Dynamics10.1103/PhysRevX.11.0110302160-3308https://doaj.org/article/a788681ae5d44405bb9def41fc8ab8552021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.011030http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.011030https://doaj.org/toc/2160-3308Unitary circuits subject to repeated projective measurements can undergo an entanglement phase transition (EPT) as a function of the measurement rate. This transition is generally understood in terms of a competition between the scrambling effects of unitary dynamics and the disentangling effects of measurements. We find that, surprisingly, EPTs are possible even in the absence of scrambling unitary dynamics, where they are best understood as arising from measurements alone. This finding motivates us to introduce measurement-only models, in which the “scrambling” and “unscrambling” effects driving the EPT are fundamentally intertwined and cannot be attributed to physically distinct processes. These models represent a novel form of an EPT, conceptually distinct from that in hybrid unitary-projective circuits. We explore the entanglement phase diagrams, critical points, and quantum code properties of some of these measurement-only models. We find that the principle driving the EPTs in these models is frustration, or mutual incompatibility, of the measurements. Surprisingly, an entangling (volume-law) phase is the generic outcome when measuring sufficiently long but still local (≳3-body) operators. We identify a class of exceptions to this behavior (“bipartite ensembles”) which cannot sustain an entangling phase but display dual area-law phases, possibly with different kinds of quantum order, separated by self-dual critical points. Finally, we introduce a measure of information spreading in dynamics with measurements and use it to demonstrate the emergence of a statistical light cone, despite the nonlocality inherent to quantum measurements.Matteo IppolitiMichael J. GullansSarang GopalakrishnanDavid A. HuseVedika KhemaniAmerican Physical SocietyarticlePhysicsQC1-999ENPhysical Review X, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 011030 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	Physics QC1-999 Matteo Ippoliti Michael J. Gullans Sarang Gopalakrishnan David A. Huse Vedika Khemani Entanglement Phase Transitions in Measurement-Only Dynamics
description	Unitary circuits subject to repeated projective measurements can undergo an entanglement phase transition (EPT) as a function of the measurement rate. This transition is generally understood in terms of a competition between the scrambling effects of unitary dynamics and the disentangling effects of measurements. We find that, surprisingly, EPTs are possible even in the absence of scrambling unitary dynamics, where they are best understood as arising from measurements alone. This finding motivates us to introduce measurement-only models, in which the “scrambling” and “unscrambling” effects driving the EPT are fundamentally intertwined and cannot be attributed to physically distinct processes. These models represent a novel form of an EPT, conceptually distinct from that in hybrid unitary-projective circuits. We explore the entanglement phase diagrams, critical points, and quantum code properties of some of these measurement-only models. We find that the principle driving the EPTs in these models is frustration, or mutual incompatibility, of the measurements. Surprisingly, an entangling (volume-law) phase is the generic outcome when measuring sufficiently long but still local (≳3-body) operators. We identify a class of exceptions to this behavior (“bipartite ensembles”) which cannot sustain an entangling phase but display dual area-law phases, possibly with different kinds of quantum order, separated by self-dual critical points. Finally, we introduce a measure of information spreading in dynamics with measurements and use it to demonstrate the emergence of a statistical light cone, despite the nonlocality inherent to quantum measurements.
format	article
author	Matteo Ippoliti Michael J. Gullans Sarang Gopalakrishnan David A. Huse Vedika Khemani
author_facet	Matteo Ippoliti Michael J. Gullans Sarang Gopalakrishnan David A. Huse Vedika Khemani
author_sort	Matteo Ippoliti
title	Entanglement Phase Transitions in Measurement-Only Dynamics
title_short	Entanglement Phase Transitions in Measurement-Only Dynamics
title_full	Entanglement Phase Transitions in Measurement-Only Dynamics
title_fullStr	Entanglement Phase Transitions in Measurement-Only Dynamics
title_full_unstemmed	Entanglement Phase Transitions in Measurement-Only Dynamics
title_sort	entanglement phase transitions in measurement-only dynamics
publisher	American Physical Society
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a788681ae5d44405bb9def41fc8ab855
work_keys_str_mv	AT matteoippoliti entanglementphasetransitionsinmeasurementonlydynamics AT michaeljgullans entanglementphasetransitionsinmeasurementonlydynamics AT saranggopalakrishnan entanglementphasetransitionsinmeasurementonlydynamics AT davidahuse entanglementphasetransitionsinmeasurementonlydynamics AT vedikakhemani entanglementphasetransitionsinmeasurementonlydynamics
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Entanglement Phase Transitions in Measurement-Only Dynamics

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