Identification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

Abstract The molecular genetic toolkit of the Mexican axolotl, a classic model organism, has matured to the point where it is now possible to identify genes for mutant phenotypes. We used a positional cloning–candidate gene approach to identify molecular bases for two historic axolotl pigment phenot...

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Autores principales:	M. Ryan Woodcock, Jennifer Vaughn-Wolfe, Alexandra Elias, D. Kevin Kump, Katharina Denise Kendall, Nataliya Timoshevskaya, Vladimir Timoshevskiy, Dustin W. Perry, Jeramiah J. Smith, Jessica E. Spiewak, David M. Parichy, S. Randal Voss
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Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a7963008a7bc4d45bb78fc54494644dc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a7963008a7bc4d45bb78fc54494644dc2021-12-02T15:05:08ZIdentification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum10.1038/s41598-017-00059-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a7963008a7bc4d45bb78fc54494644dc2017-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00059-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The molecular genetic toolkit of the Mexican axolotl, a classic model organism, has matured to the point where it is now possible to identify genes for mutant phenotypes. We used a positional cloning–candidate gene approach to identify molecular bases for two historic axolotl pigment phenotypes: white and albino. White (d/d) mutants have defects in pigment cell morphogenesis and differentiation, whereas albino (a/a) mutants lack melanin. We identified in white mutants a transcriptional defect in endothelin 3 (edn3), encoding a peptide factor that promotes pigment cell migration and differentiation in other vertebrates. Transgenic restoration of Edn3 expression rescued the homozygous white mutant phenotype. We mapped the albino locus to tyrosinase (tyr) and identified polymorphisms shared between the albino allele (tyr a ) and tyr alleles in a Minnesota population of tiger salamanders from which the albino trait was introgressed. tyr a has a 142 bp deletion and similar engineered alleles recapitulated the albino phenotype. Finally, we show that historical introgression of tyr a significantly altered genomic composition of the laboratory axolotl, yielding a distinct, hybrid strain of ambystomatid salamander. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of identifying genes for traits in the laboratory Mexican axolotl.M. Ryan WoodcockJennifer Vaughn-WolfeAlexandra EliasD. Kevin KumpKatharina Denise KendallNataliya TimoshevskayaVladimir TimoshevskiyDustin W. PerryJeramiah J. SmithJessica E. SpiewakDavid M. ParichyS. Randal VossNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q M. Ryan Woodcock Jennifer Vaughn-Wolfe Alexandra Elias D. Kevin Kump Katharina Denise Kendall Nataliya Timoshevskaya Vladimir Timoshevskiy Dustin W. Perry Jeramiah J. Smith Jessica E. Spiewak David M. Parichy S. Randal Voss Identification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum
description	Abstract The molecular genetic toolkit of the Mexican axolotl, a classic model organism, has matured to the point where it is now possible to identify genes for mutant phenotypes. We used a positional cloning–candidate gene approach to identify molecular bases for two historic axolotl pigment phenotypes: white and albino. White (d/d) mutants have defects in pigment cell morphogenesis and differentiation, whereas albino (a/a) mutants lack melanin. We identified in white mutants a transcriptional defect in endothelin 3 (edn3), encoding a peptide factor that promotes pigment cell migration and differentiation in other vertebrates. Transgenic restoration of Edn3 expression rescued the homozygous white mutant phenotype. We mapped the albino locus to tyrosinase (tyr) and identified polymorphisms shared between the albino allele (tyr a ) and tyr alleles in a Minnesota population of tiger salamanders from which the albino trait was introgressed. tyr a has a 142 bp deletion and similar engineered alleles recapitulated the albino phenotype. Finally, we show that historical introgression of tyr a significantly altered genomic composition of the laboratory axolotl, yielding a distinct, hybrid strain of ambystomatid salamander. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of identifying genes for traits in the laboratory Mexican axolotl.
format	article
author	M. Ryan Woodcock Jennifer Vaughn-Wolfe Alexandra Elias D. Kevin Kump Katharina Denise Kendall Nataliya Timoshevskaya Vladimir Timoshevskiy Dustin W. Perry Jeramiah J. Smith Jessica E. Spiewak David M. Parichy S. Randal Voss
author_facet	M. Ryan Woodcock Jennifer Vaughn-Wolfe Alexandra Elias D. Kevin Kump Katharina Denise Kendall Nataliya Timoshevskaya Vladimir Timoshevskiy Dustin W. Perry Jeramiah J. Smith Jessica E. Spiewak David M. Parichy S. Randal Voss
author_sort	M. Ryan Woodcock
title	Identification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum
title_short	Identification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum
title_full	Identification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum
title_fullStr	Identification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum
title_full_unstemmed	Identification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum
title_sort	identification of mutant genes and introgressed tiger salamander dna in the laboratory axolotl, ambystoma mexicanum
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/a7963008a7bc4d45bb78fc54494644dc
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Identification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

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