Epiglottis cross-sectional area and oropharyngeal airway length in male and female obstructive sleep apnea patients

Melinda A Ma,1 Rajesh Kumar,2–4 Paul M Macey,4,5 Frisca L Yan-Go,6 Ronald M Harper,1,4 1Department of Neurobiology, 2Department of Anesthesiology, 3Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, 4Brain Research Institute, 5UCLA School of Nursing, 6Department...

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Autores principales:	Ma MA, Kumar R, Macey PM, Yan-Go FL, Harper RM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	magnetic resonance imaging apnea-hypopnea-index upper airway length gender race Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a7b0f7e4e3ef405eb5dac12ed4d05835
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a7b0f7e4e3ef405eb5dac12ed4d058352021-12-02T00:36:00ZEpiglottis cross-sectional area and oropharyngeal airway length in male and female obstructive sleep apnea patients1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/a7b0f7e4e3ef405eb5dac12ed4d058352016-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/epiglottis-cross-sectional-area-and-oropharyngeal-airway-length-in-mal-peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Melinda A Ma,1 Rajesh Kumar,2–4 Paul M Macey,4,5 Frisca L Yan-Go,6 Ronald M Harper,1,4 1Department of Neurobiology, 2Department of Anesthesiology, 3Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, 4Brain Research Institute, 5UCLA School of Nursing, 6Department of Neurology, David Geffen School ofMedicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a male-predominant condition, characterized by repeated upper-airway collapse with continued diaphragmatic efforts during sleep, and is accompanied by severe physiological consequences. Multiple morphological aspects, including epiglottis cross-sectional area (CSA) and oropharyngeal airway length (OPAL), can contribute to airway collapsibility in the condition. This study focused on the effects of OSA severity, sex, and race on OPA dimensions.Materials and methods: Two high-resolution T1-weighted image series were collected from 40 mild-to-severe OSA subjects (age 46.9±9 years, body mass index 30.4±5.4 kg/m2, Apnea–Hypopnea Index score 32.8±22.5, 28 males) and 54 control subjects (47±9 years, 24.7±3.8 kg/m2, 32 males) using a 3 T magnetic resonance-imaging scanner. Caucasian, Asian, African-American, and “other” subjects constituted the study pool. Both image series were realigned and averaged, and reoriented to a common space. CSA and OPAL were measured, normalized for subject height, and compared between sexes and disease-severity levels in OSA and control subjects.Results: Significantly reduced epiglottis CSA appeared only in severe OSA vs controls (P=0.009). OPAL increased significantly with OSA severity vs controls (mild, P=0.027; moderate, P<0.001; severe, P<0.001). OSA males showed increased CSA and greater OPAL than OSA females, which may underlie the increased proportion of affected males with higher apnea–hypopnea index scores. However, no significant differences appeared between CSA and OPAL measures for male and female controls, suggesting that airway morphology may not be the sole contributor for airway collapse. No ethnic or racial differences appeared for CSA or OPAL measures.Conclusion: Sex-based reductions in epiglottis CSA and increased OPAL in OSA subjects may enhance airway-collapse vulnerability, more so with greater disease severity, and partially underlie male vs female susceptibility to the sleep disorder. Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging, apnea–hypopnea index, upper-airway length, gender, race Ma MAKumar RMacey PMYan-Go FLHarper RMDove Medical Pressarticlemagnetic resonance imagingapnea-hypopnea-indexupper airway lengthgenderracePsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 8, Pp 297-304 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	magnetic resonance imaging apnea-hypopnea-index upper airway length gender race Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	magnetic resonance imaging apnea-hypopnea-index upper airway length gender race Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Ma MA Kumar R Macey PM Yan-Go FL Harper RM Epiglottis cross-sectional area and oropharyngeal airway length in male and female obstructive sleep apnea patients
description	Melinda A Ma,1 Rajesh Kumar,2–4 Paul M Macey,4,5 Frisca L Yan-Go,6 Ronald M Harper,1,4 1Department of Neurobiology, 2Department of Anesthesiology, 3Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, 4Brain Research Institute, 5UCLA School of Nursing, 6Department of Neurology, David Geffen School ofMedicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a male-predominant condition, characterized by repeated upper-airway collapse with continued diaphragmatic efforts during sleep, and is accompanied by severe physiological consequences. Multiple morphological aspects, including epiglottis cross-sectional area (CSA) and oropharyngeal airway length (OPAL), can contribute to airway collapsibility in the condition. This study focused on the effects of OSA severity, sex, and race on OPA dimensions.Materials and methods: Two high-resolution T1-weighted image series were collected from 40 mild-to-severe OSA subjects (age 46.9±9 years, body mass index 30.4±5.4 kg/m2, Apnea–Hypopnea Index score 32.8±22.5, 28 males) and 54 control subjects (47±9 years, 24.7±3.8 kg/m2, 32 males) using a 3 T magnetic resonance-imaging scanner. Caucasian, Asian, African-American, and “other” subjects constituted the study pool. Both image series were realigned and averaged, and reoriented to a common space. CSA and OPAL were measured, normalized for subject height, and compared between sexes and disease-severity levels in OSA and control subjects.Results: Significantly reduced epiglottis CSA appeared only in severe OSA vs controls (P=0.009). OPAL increased significantly with OSA severity vs controls (mild, P=0.027; moderate, P<0.001; severe, P<0.001). OSA males showed increased CSA and greater OPAL than OSA females, which may underlie the increased proportion of affected males with higher apnea–hypopnea index scores. However, no significant differences appeared between CSA and OPAL measures for male and female controls, suggesting that airway morphology may not be the sole contributor for airway collapse. No ethnic or racial differences appeared for CSA or OPAL measures.Conclusion: Sex-based reductions in epiglottis CSA and increased OPAL in OSA subjects may enhance airway-collapse vulnerability, more so with greater disease severity, and partially underlie male vs female susceptibility to the sleep disorder. Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging, apnea–hypopnea index, upper-airway length, gender, race
format	article
author	Ma MA Kumar R Macey PM Yan-Go FL Harper RM
author_facet	Ma MA Kumar R Macey PM Yan-Go FL Harper RM
author_sort	Ma MA
title	Epiglottis cross-sectional area and oropharyngeal airway length in male and female obstructive sleep apnea patients
title_short	Epiglottis cross-sectional area and oropharyngeal airway length in male and female obstructive sleep apnea patients
title_full	Epiglottis cross-sectional area and oropharyngeal airway length in male and female obstructive sleep apnea patients
title_fullStr	Epiglottis cross-sectional area and oropharyngeal airway length in male and female obstructive sleep apnea patients
title_full_unstemmed	Epiglottis cross-sectional area and oropharyngeal airway length in male and female obstructive sleep apnea patients
title_sort	epiglottis cross-sectional area and oropharyngeal airway length in male and female obstructive sleep apnea patients
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/a7b0f7e4e3ef405eb5dac12ed4d05835
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Epiglottis cross-sectional area and oropharyngeal airway length in male and female obstructive sleep apnea patients

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