Tracking a Surrogate Hazardous Agent (Rhodamine Dye) in a Coastal Ocean Environment Using <i>In Situ</i> Measurements and Concentration Estimates Derived from Drone Images

New tools and technology are needed to track hazardous agents such as oil and red tides in our oceans. Rhodamine dye (a surrogate hazardous agent) was released into the Atlantic ocean in August 2018, and experiments were conducted to track the movement of the dye near the water surface within three...

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Autores principales:	Margaux Filippi, Regina Hanlon, Irina I. Rypina, Benjamin A. Hodges, Thomas Peacock, David G. Schmale
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	UAS drone fluorescent dye rhodamine transport hazardous agents Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a7c41f8b58bd473aa813ed277beb2b26
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a7c41f8b58bd473aa813ed277beb2b262021-11-11T18:55:54ZTracking a Surrogate Hazardous Agent (Rhodamine Dye) in a Coastal Ocean Environment Using <i>In Situ</i> Measurements and Concentration Estimates Derived from Drone Images10.3390/rs132144152072-4292https://doaj.org/article/a7c41f8b58bd473aa813ed277beb2b262021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4415https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292New tools and technology are needed to track hazardous agents such as oil and red tides in our oceans. Rhodamine dye (a surrogate hazardous agent) was released into the Atlantic ocean in August 2018, and experiments were conducted to track the movement of the dye near the water surface within three hours following the release. A DrOne Water Sampling SystEm (DOWSE), consisting of a 3D-printed sampling device tethered to a drone, was used to collect 26 water samples at different locations around the dye plume. Rhodamine concentrations were measured from the drone water samples using a fluorometer and ranged from 1 to 93 ppb. Dye images were taken during the drone-sampling of surface water containing dye and at about 10 m above the sampling point. These images were post-processed to estimate dye concentrations across the sampling domain. A comparison of calibrated heat maps showed that the altitude images yielded dye distributions that were qualitatively similar to those from images taken near the ocean surface. Moreover, the association between red ratios and dye concentrations yielded trendlines explaining up to 67% of the variation. Drones may be used to detect, track and assist in mitigating hazardous agents in the future.Margaux FilippiRegina HanlonIrina I. RypinaBenjamin A. HodgesThomas PeacockDavid G. SchmaleMDPI AGarticleUASdronefluorescent dyerhodaminetransporthazardous agentsScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4415, p 4415 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	UAS drone fluorescent dye rhodamine transport hazardous agents Science Q
spellingShingle	UAS drone fluorescent dye rhodamine transport hazardous agents Science Q Margaux Filippi Regina Hanlon Irina I. Rypina Benjamin A. Hodges Thomas Peacock David G. Schmale Tracking a Surrogate Hazardous Agent (Rhodamine Dye) in a Coastal Ocean Environment Using <i>In Situ</i> Measurements and Concentration Estimates Derived from Drone Images
description	New tools and technology are needed to track hazardous agents such as oil and red tides in our oceans. Rhodamine dye (a surrogate hazardous agent) was released into the Atlantic ocean in August 2018, and experiments were conducted to track the movement of the dye near the water surface within three hours following the release. A DrOne Water Sampling SystEm (DOWSE), consisting of a 3D-printed sampling device tethered to a drone, was used to collect 26 water samples at different locations around the dye plume. Rhodamine concentrations were measured from the drone water samples using a fluorometer and ranged from 1 to 93 ppb. Dye images were taken during the drone-sampling of surface water containing dye and at about 10 m above the sampling point. These images were post-processed to estimate dye concentrations across the sampling domain. A comparison of calibrated heat maps showed that the altitude images yielded dye distributions that were qualitatively similar to those from images taken near the ocean surface. Moreover, the association between red ratios and dye concentrations yielded trendlines explaining up to 67% of the variation. Drones may be used to detect, track and assist in mitigating hazardous agents in the future.
format	article
author	Margaux Filippi Regina Hanlon Irina I. Rypina Benjamin A. Hodges Thomas Peacock David G. Schmale
author_facet	Margaux Filippi Regina Hanlon Irina I. Rypina Benjamin A. Hodges Thomas Peacock David G. Schmale
author_sort	Margaux Filippi
title	Tracking a Surrogate Hazardous Agent (Rhodamine Dye) in a Coastal Ocean Environment Using <i>In Situ</i> Measurements and Concentration Estimates Derived from Drone Images
title_short	Tracking a Surrogate Hazardous Agent (Rhodamine Dye) in a Coastal Ocean Environment Using <i>In Situ</i> Measurements and Concentration Estimates Derived from Drone Images
title_full	Tracking a Surrogate Hazardous Agent (Rhodamine Dye) in a Coastal Ocean Environment Using <i>In Situ</i> Measurements and Concentration Estimates Derived from Drone Images
title_fullStr	Tracking a Surrogate Hazardous Agent (Rhodamine Dye) in a Coastal Ocean Environment Using <i>In Situ</i> Measurements and Concentration Estimates Derived from Drone Images
title_full_unstemmed	Tracking a Surrogate Hazardous Agent (Rhodamine Dye) in a Coastal Ocean Environment Using <i>In Situ</i> Measurements and Concentration Estimates Derived from Drone Images
title_sort	tracking a surrogate hazardous agent (rhodamine dye) in a coastal ocean environment using <i>in situ</i> measurements and concentration estimates derived from drone images
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a7c41f8b58bd473aa813ed277beb2b26
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Tracking a Surrogate Hazardous Agent (Rhodamine Dye) in a Coastal Ocean Environment Using <i>In Situ</i> Measurements and Concentration Estimates Derived from Drone Images

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