Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite <i>Sepedonium</i> (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile
We present the first major survey of regional diversity, distribution and host-association of <i>Sepedonium</i>. Whereas the rather scarce worldwide records of this mycoparasitic fungus suggested no specific distribution pattern of most species before, we provide new evidence of endemic...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/a7e505b9013e4f96b3041edb88507955 |
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| Sumario: | We present the first major survey of regional diversity, distribution and host-association of <i>Sepedonium</i>. Whereas the rather scarce worldwide records of this mycoparasitic fungus suggested no specific distribution pattern of most species before, we provide new evidence of endemic and specific host-parasite guilds of <i>Sepedonium</i> in Southern South America, including the description of a new species. The corresponding inventory was performed in temperate central Chile. The regional landscape, a mosaic of exotic timber plantations and remnants of native <i>Nothofagus</i> forests, facilitates a unique combination of endemic and adventitious Boletales hosts. During a two-year survey, 35 <i>Sepedonium</i> strains were isolated and cultured from infected basidiomata of allochthonous <i>Chalciporus piperatus</i>, <i>Paxillus involutus</i>, <i>Rhizopogon</i> spp. and <i>Suillus</i> spp., as well as from the native <i>Boletus loyita</i>, <i>B. loyo</i>, <i>B. putidus</i> and <i>Gastroboletus valdivianus</i>. Taxonomic diagnosis included morphology of conidia and conidiophores, sequences of ITS, RPB2 and EF1 molecular markers and characteristics of in vitro cultures. Phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using Bayesian methods. Four <i>Sepedonium</i> species could be identified and characterized, viz.: <i>S. ampullosporum</i>, <i>S. chrysospermum</i>, <i>S. laevigatum</i> and the newly described species <i>S. loyorum</i>. The most frequent species on introduced Boletales was <i>S. ampullosporum</i>, followed by <i>S. chrysospermum</i> and <i>S. laevigatum</i>. <i>S. loyorum</i> sp. nov. was found exclusively on native boletacean hosts, separated from its closest relative <i>S. chalcipori</i> by micromorphological and molecular attributes. Species descriptions and identification keys are provided. Ecological and biogeographical aspects of endemic and allochthonous symbiotic units consisting of mycoparasite, ectomycorrhizal fungal host and respective mycorrhizal tree are discussed. |
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