Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite <i>Sepedonium</i> (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile

We present the first major survey of regional diversity, distribution and host-association of <i>Sepedonium</i>. Whereas the rather scarce worldwide records of this mycoparasitic fungus suggested no specific distribution pattern of most species before, we provide new evidence of endemic...

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Autores principales:	Josefa Binimelis-Salazar, Angélica Casanova-Katny, Norbert Arnold, Celia A. Lima, Heraldo V. Norambuena, Gerardo González-Rocha, Götz Palfner
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Sepedonium</i> South America Boletales endemism Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a7e505b9013e4f96b3041edb88507955
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a7e505b9013e4f96b3041edb885079552021-11-25T18:24:40ZDiversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite <i>Sepedonium</i> (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile10.3390/microorganisms91122612076-2607https://doaj.org/article/a7e505b9013e4f96b3041edb885079552021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2261https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607We present the first major survey of regional diversity, distribution and host-association of <i>Sepedonium</i>. Whereas the rather scarce worldwide records of this mycoparasitic fungus suggested no specific distribution pattern of most species before, we provide new evidence of endemic and specific host-parasite guilds of <i>Sepedonium</i> in Southern South America, including the description of a new species. The corresponding inventory was performed in temperate central Chile. The regional landscape, a mosaic of exotic timber plantations and remnants of native <i>Nothofagus</i> forests, facilitates a unique combination of endemic and adventitious Boletales hosts. During a two-year survey, 35 <i>Sepedonium</i> strains were isolated and cultured from infected basidiomata of allochthonous <i>Chalciporus piperatus</i>, <i>Paxillus involutus</i>, <i>Rhizopogon</i> spp. and <i>Suillus</i> spp., as well as from the native <i>Boletus loyita</i>, <i>B. loyo</i>, <i>B. putidus</i> and <i>Gastroboletus valdivianus</i>. Taxonomic diagnosis included morphology of conidia and conidiophores, sequences of ITS, RPB2 and EF1 molecular markers and characteristics of in vitro cultures. Phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using Bayesian methods. Four <i>Sepedonium</i> species could be identified and characterized, viz.: <i>S. ampullosporum</i>, <i>S. chrysospermum</i>, <i>S. laevigatum</i> and the newly described species <i>S. loyorum</i>. The most frequent species on introduced Boletales was <i>S. ampullosporum</i>, followed by <i>S. chrysospermum</i> and <i>S. laevigatum</i>. <i>S. loyorum</i> sp. nov. was found exclusively on native boletacean hosts, separated from its closest relative <i>S. chalcipori</i> by micromorphological and molecular attributes. Species descriptions and identification keys are provided. Ecological and biogeographical aspects of endemic and allochthonous symbiotic units consisting of mycoparasite, ectomycorrhizal fungal host and respective mycorrhizal tree are discussed.Josefa Binimelis-SalazarAngélica Casanova-KatnyNorbert ArnoldCelia A. LimaHeraldo V. NorambuenaGerardo González-RochaGötz PalfnerMDPI AGarticle<i>Sepedonium</i>South AmericaBoletalesendemismBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2261, p 2261 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Sepedonium</i> South America Boletales endemism Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	<i>Sepedonium</i> South America Boletales endemism Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Josefa Binimelis-Salazar Angélica Casanova-Katny Norbert Arnold Celia A. Lima Heraldo V. Norambuena Gerardo González-Rocha Götz Palfner Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite <i>Sepedonium</i> (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile
description	We present the first major survey of regional diversity, distribution and host-association of <i>Sepedonium</i>. Whereas the rather scarce worldwide records of this mycoparasitic fungus suggested no specific distribution pattern of most species before, we provide new evidence of endemic and specific host-parasite guilds of <i>Sepedonium</i> in Southern South America, including the description of a new species. The corresponding inventory was performed in temperate central Chile. The regional landscape, a mosaic of exotic timber plantations and remnants of native <i>Nothofagus</i> forests, facilitates a unique combination of endemic and adventitious Boletales hosts. During a two-year survey, 35 <i>Sepedonium</i> strains were isolated and cultured from infected basidiomata of allochthonous <i>Chalciporus piperatus</i>, <i>Paxillus involutus</i>, <i>Rhizopogon</i> spp. and <i>Suillus</i> spp., as well as from the native <i>Boletus loyita</i>, <i>B. loyo</i>, <i>B. putidus</i> and <i>Gastroboletus valdivianus</i>. Taxonomic diagnosis included morphology of conidia and conidiophores, sequences of ITS, RPB2 and EF1 molecular markers and characteristics of in vitro cultures. Phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using Bayesian methods. Four <i>Sepedonium</i> species could be identified and characterized, viz.: <i>S. ampullosporum</i>, <i>S. chrysospermum</i>, <i>S. laevigatum</i> and the newly described species <i>S. loyorum</i>. The most frequent species on introduced Boletales was <i>S. ampullosporum</i>, followed by <i>S. chrysospermum</i> and <i>S. laevigatum</i>. <i>S. loyorum</i> sp. nov. was found exclusively on native boletacean hosts, separated from its closest relative <i>S. chalcipori</i> by micromorphological and molecular attributes. Species descriptions and identification keys are provided. Ecological and biogeographical aspects of endemic and allochthonous symbiotic units consisting of mycoparasite, ectomycorrhizal fungal host and respective mycorrhizal tree are discussed.
format	article
author	Josefa Binimelis-Salazar Angélica Casanova-Katny Norbert Arnold Celia A. Lima Heraldo V. Norambuena Gerardo González-Rocha Götz Palfner
author_facet	Josefa Binimelis-Salazar Angélica Casanova-Katny Norbert Arnold Celia A. Lima Heraldo V. Norambuena Gerardo González-Rocha Götz Palfner
author_sort	Josefa Binimelis-Salazar
title	Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite <i>Sepedonium</i> (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile
title_short	Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite <i>Sepedonium</i> (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile
title_full	Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite <i>Sepedonium</i> (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile
title_fullStr	Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite <i>Sepedonium</i> (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile
title_full_unstemmed	Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite <i>Sepedonium</i> (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile
title_sort	diversity and host relationships of the mycoparasite <i>sepedonium</i> (hypocreales, ascomycota) in temperate central chile
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a7e505b9013e4f96b3041edb88507955
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Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite <i>Sepedonium</i> (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile

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