Follow the Metaplasia: Characteristics and Oncogenic Implications of Metaplasia’s Pattern of Spread Throughout the Stomach

The human stomach functions as both a digestive and innate immune organ. Its main product, acid, rapidly breaks down ingested products and equally serves as a highly effective microbial filter. The gastric epithelium has evolved mechanisms to appropriately handle the myriad of injurious substances,...

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Autor principal:	José B. Sáenz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	metaplasia Helicobacter pylori atrophy cancer inflammation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a7ec13b6a2a0455598f025ce6aa84e56
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a7ec13b6a2a0455598f025ce6aa84e562021-11-12T05:33:58ZFollow the Metaplasia: Characteristics and Oncogenic Implications of Metaplasia’s Pattern of Spread Throughout the Stomach2296-634X10.3389/fcell.2021.741574https://doaj.org/article/a7ec13b6a2a0455598f025ce6aa84e562021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.741574/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-634XThe human stomach functions as both a digestive and innate immune organ. Its main product, acid, rapidly breaks down ingested products and equally serves as a highly effective microbial filter. The gastric epithelium has evolved mechanisms to appropriately handle the myriad of injurious substances, both exogenous and endogenous, to maintain the epithelial barrier and restore homeostasis. The most significant chronic insult that the stomach must face is Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a stomach-adapted bacterium that can colonize the stomach and induce chronic inflammatory and pre-neoplastic changes. The progression from chronic inflammation to dysplasia relies on the decades-long interplay between this oncobacterium and its gastric host. This review summarizes the functional and molecular regionalization of the stomach at homeostasis and details how chronic inflammation can lead to characteristic alterations in these developmental demarcations, both at the topographic and glandular levels. More importantly, this review illustrates our current understanding of the epithelial mechanisms that underlie the pre-malignant gastric landscape, how Hp adapts to and exploits these changes, and the clinical implications of identifying these changes in order to stratify patients at risk of developing gastric cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.José B. SáenzFrontiers Media S.A.articlemetaplasiaHelicobacter pyloriatrophycancerinflammationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	metaplasia Helicobacter pylori atrophy cancer inflammation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	metaplasia Helicobacter pylori atrophy cancer inflammation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 José B. Sáenz Follow the Metaplasia: Characteristics and Oncogenic Implications of Metaplasia’s Pattern of Spread Throughout the Stomach
description	The human stomach functions as both a digestive and innate immune organ. Its main product, acid, rapidly breaks down ingested products and equally serves as a highly effective microbial filter. The gastric epithelium has evolved mechanisms to appropriately handle the myriad of injurious substances, both exogenous and endogenous, to maintain the epithelial barrier and restore homeostasis. The most significant chronic insult that the stomach must face is Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a stomach-adapted bacterium that can colonize the stomach and induce chronic inflammatory and pre-neoplastic changes. The progression from chronic inflammation to dysplasia relies on the decades-long interplay between this oncobacterium and its gastric host. This review summarizes the functional and molecular regionalization of the stomach at homeostasis and details how chronic inflammation can lead to characteristic alterations in these developmental demarcations, both at the topographic and glandular levels. More importantly, this review illustrates our current understanding of the epithelial mechanisms that underlie the pre-malignant gastric landscape, how Hp adapts to and exploits these changes, and the clinical implications of identifying these changes in order to stratify patients at risk of developing gastric cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
format	article
author	José B. Sáenz
author_facet	José B. Sáenz
author_sort	José B. Sáenz
title	Follow the Metaplasia: Characteristics and Oncogenic Implications of Metaplasia’s Pattern of Spread Throughout the Stomach
title_short	Follow the Metaplasia: Characteristics and Oncogenic Implications of Metaplasia’s Pattern of Spread Throughout the Stomach
title_full	Follow the Metaplasia: Characteristics and Oncogenic Implications of Metaplasia’s Pattern of Spread Throughout the Stomach
title_fullStr	Follow the Metaplasia: Characteristics and Oncogenic Implications of Metaplasia’s Pattern of Spread Throughout the Stomach
title_full_unstemmed	Follow the Metaplasia: Characteristics and Oncogenic Implications of Metaplasia’s Pattern of Spread Throughout the Stomach
title_sort	follow the metaplasia: characteristics and oncogenic implications of metaplasia’s pattern of spread throughout the stomach
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a7ec13b6a2a0455598f025ce6aa84e56
work_keys_str_mv	AT josebsaenz followthemetaplasiacharacteristicsandoncogenicimplicationsofmetaplasiaspatternofspreadthroughoutthestomach
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Follow the Metaplasia: Characteristics and Oncogenic Implications of Metaplasia’s Pattern of Spread Throughout the Stomach

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