The Ability of Hop Extracts to Reduce the Methane Production of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium

Background. Methane emissions from agriculture are responsible for over 40% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In the past, antibiotics were used to control methane production by animals, but concerns over the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to humans have prompted a sear...

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Autores principales:	J. A. Blaxland, A. J. Watkins, L. W. J. Baillie
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a80a9d5219d144e49d5366ec66332ca2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a80a9d5219d144e49d5366ec66332ca22021-11-15T01:20:09ZThe Ability of Hop Extracts to Reduce the Methane Production of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium1472-365410.1155/2021/5510063https://doaj.org/article/a80a9d5219d144e49d5366ec66332ca22021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5510063https://doaj.org/toc/1472-3654Background. Methane emissions from agriculture are responsible for over 40% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In the past, antibiotics were used to control methane production by animals, but concerns over the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to humans have prompted a search for alternative approaches. Hops are the flowers of the hop plant Humulus lupulus. They have been used to feed cattle for many years and are known to contain antibacterial compounds, and their extracts have been shown to kill members of the Mycobacterium spp including Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis as well as a number of human pathogens. In this study, hop extracts were studied for their ability to inhibit methane production from Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, a major methane-producing archaeon found in the rumen of cattle. Methods. Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1T (DSM 1093) was grown at 37°C for 30 days, and the amount of methane produced at different time points during this period was measured using gas chromatography. The archaeon was exposed to commercial hop extracts (tetra-hydro-iso-alpha acid and beta acid) and to aqueous hop extracts of a range of hop variants, and their effect on methane production was determined. Results. All of the extracts reduced the level of methane production of M. ruminantium over the 30-day period compared to the negative control (sterile distilled water). The commercial hop extracts were the most effective at inhibiting methane production over the course of the experiment in contrast to the aqueous extracts, which showed a gradual reduction of inhibition with time. Conclusions. Hops contain compounds which inhibit methane production. Given that hops can be safely fed to cattle, this raises the possibility of rationally designing a feed strategy which could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect against bovine tuberculosis. This study recommends that further research be undertaken to further identifying bioactive components from hops and their efficacy against a range of archaea.J. A. BlaxlandA. J. WatkinsL. W. J. BaillieHindawi LimitedarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENArchaea, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 J. A. Blaxland A. J. Watkins L. W. J. Baillie The Ability of Hop Extracts to Reduce the Methane Production of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium
description	Background. Methane emissions from agriculture are responsible for over 40% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In the past, antibiotics were used to control methane production by animals, but concerns over the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to humans have prompted a search for alternative approaches. Hops are the flowers of the hop plant Humulus lupulus. They have been used to feed cattle for many years and are known to contain antibacterial compounds, and their extracts have been shown to kill members of the Mycobacterium spp including Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis as well as a number of human pathogens. In this study, hop extracts were studied for their ability to inhibit methane production from Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, a major methane-producing archaeon found in the rumen of cattle. Methods. Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1T (DSM 1093) was grown at 37°C for 30 days, and the amount of methane produced at different time points during this period was measured using gas chromatography. The archaeon was exposed to commercial hop extracts (tetra-hydro-iso-alpha acid and beta acid) and to aqueous hop extracts of a range of hop variants, and their effect on methane production was determined. Results. All of the extracts reduced the level of methane production of M. ruminantium over the 30-day period compared to the negative control (sterile distilled water). The commercial hop extracts were the most effective at inhibiting methane production over the course of the experiment in contrast to the aqueous extracts, which showed a gradual reduction of inhibition with time. Conclusions. Hops contain compounds which inhibit methane production. Given that hops can be safely fed to cattle, this raises the possibility of rationally designing a feed strategy which could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect against bovine tuberculosis. This study recommends that further research be undertaken to further identifying bioactive components from hops and their efficacy against a range of archaea.
format	article
author	J. A. Blaxland A. J. Watkins L. W. J. Baillie
author_facet	J. A. Blaxland A. J. Watkins L. W. J. Baillie
author_sort	J. A. Blaxland
title	The Ability of Hop Extracts to Reduce the Methane Production of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium
title_short	The Ability of Hop Extracts to Reduce the Methane Production of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium
title_full	The Ability of Hop Extracts to Reduce the Methane Production of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium
title_fullStr	The Ability of Hop Extracts to Reduce the Methane Production of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium
title_full_unstemmed	The Ability of Hop Extracts to Reduce the Methane Production of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium
title_sort	ability of hop extracts to reduce the methane production of methanobrevibacter ruminantium
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a80a9d5219d144e49d5366ec66332ca2
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The Ability of Hop Extracts to Reduce the Methane Production of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium

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