Limited genetic diversity preceded extinction of the Tasmanian tiger.

The Tasmanian tiger or thylacine was the largest carnivorous marsupial when Europeans first reached Australia. Sadly, the last known thylacine died in captivity in 1936. A recent analysis of the genome of the closely related and extant Tasmanian devil demonstrated limited genetic diversity between i...

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Autores principales:	Brandon R Menzies, Marilyn B Renfree, Thomas Heider, Frieder Mayer, Thomas B Hildebrandt, Andrew J Pask
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a81bf3aeca944cdf8ec0e3b474a5c892
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a81bf3aeca944cdf8ec0e3b474a5c8922021-11-18T07:21:45ZLimited genetic diversity preceded extinction of the Tasmanian tiger.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0035433https://doaj.org/article/a81bf3aeca944cdf8ec0e3b474a5c8922012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22530022/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The Tasmanian tiger or thylacine was the largest carnivorous marsupial when Europeans first reached Australia. Sadly, the last known thylacine died in captivity in 1936. A recent analysis of the genome of the closely related and extant Tasmanian devil demonstrated limited genetic diversity between individuals. While a similar lack of diversity has been reported for the thylacine, this analysis was based on just two individuals. Here we report the sequencing of an additional 12 museum-archived specimens collected between 102 and 159 years ago. We examined a portion of the mitochondrial DNA hyper-variable control region and determined that all sequences were on average 99.5% identical at the nucleotide level. As a measure of accuracy we also sequenced mitochondrial DNA from a mother and two offspring. As expected, these samples were found to be 100% identical, validating our methods. We also used 454 sequencing to reconstruct 2.1 kilobases of the mitochondrial genome, which shared 99.91% identity with the two complete thylacine mitochondrial genomes published previously. Our thylacine genomic data also contained three highly divergent putative nuclear mitochondrial sequences, which grouped phylogenetically with the published thylacine mitochondrial homologs but contained 100-fold more polymorphisms than the conserved fragments. Together, our data suggest that the thylacine population in Tasmania had limited genetic diversity prior to its extinction, possibly as a result of their geographic isolation from mainland Australia approximately 10,000 years ago.Brandon R MenziesMarilyn B RenfreeThomas HeiderFrieder MayerThomas B HildebrandtAndrew J PaskPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 4, p e35433 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Brandon R Menzies Marilyn B Renfree Thomas Heider Frieder Mayer Thomas B Hildebrandt Andrew J Pask Limited genetic diversity preceded extinction of the Tasmanian tiger.
description	The Tasmanian tiger or thylacine was the largest carnivorous marsupial when Europeans first reached Australia. Sadly, the last known thylacine died in captivity in 1936. A recent analysis of the genome of the closely related and extant Tasmanian devil demonstrated limited genetic diversity between individuals. While a similar lack of diversity has been reported for the thylacine, this analysis was based on just two individuals. Here we report the sequencing of an additional 12 museum-archived specimens collected between 102 and 159 years ago. We examined a portion of the mitochondrial DNA hyper-variable control region and determined that all sequences were on average 99.5% identical at the nucleotide level. As a measure of accuracy we also sequenced mitochondrial DNA from a mother and two offspring. As expected, these samples were found to be 100% identical, validating our methods. We also used 454 sequencing to reconstruct 2.1 kilobases of the mitochondrial genome, which shared 99.91% identity with the two complete thylacine mitochondrial genomes published previously. Our thylacine genomic data also contained three highly divergent putative nuclear mitochondrial sequences, which grouped phylogenetically with the published thylacine mitochondrial homologs but contained 100-fold more polymorphisms than the conserved fragments. Together, our data suggest that the thylacine population in Tasmania had limited genetic diversity prior to its extinction, possibly as a result of their geographic isolation from mainland Australia approximately 10,000 years ago.
format	article
author	Brandon R Menzies Marilyn B Renfree Thomas Heider Frieder Mayer Thomas B Hildebrandt Andrew J Pask
author_facet	Brandon R Menzies Marilyn B Renfree Thomas Heider Frieder Mayer Thomas B Hildebrandt Andrew J Pask
author_sort	Brandon R Menzies
title	Limited genetic diversity preceded extinction of the Tasmanian tiger.
title_short	Limited genetic diversity preceded extinction of the Tasmanian tiger.
title_full	Limited genetic diversity preceded extinction of the Tasmanian tiger.
title_fullStr	Limited genetic diversity preceded extinction of the Tasmanian tiger.
title_full_unstemmed	Limited genetic diversity preceded extinction of the Tasmanian tiger.
title_sort	limited genetic diversity preceded extinction of the tasmanian tiger.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/a81bf3aeca944cdf8ec0e3b474a5c892
work_keys_str_mv	AT brandonrmenzies limitedgeneticdiversityprecededextinctionofthetasmaniantiger AT marilynbrenfree limitedgeneticdiversityprecededextinctionofthetasmaniantiger AT thomasheider limitedgeneticdiversityprecededextinctionofthetasmaniantiger AT friedermayer limitedgeneticdiversityprecededextinctionofthetasmaniantiger AT thomasbhildebrandt limitedgeneticdiversityprecededextinctionofthetasmaniantiger AT andrewjpask limitedgeneticdiversityprecededextinctionofthetasmaniantiger
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Limited genetic diversity preceded extinction of the Tasmanian tiger.

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