Evaluation of pathogen risks using QMRA to explore wastewater reuse options: A case study from New Delhi in India

Selecting appropriate reuse for treated wastewater is a challenge. The current investigation outlines the utilization of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to assist Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) management to determine the best-possible reuse of treated wastewater from 11 ETPs in Delhi....

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Autores principales:	Rajashree Hajare, Pawan Labhasetwar, Pranav Nagarnaik
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	cryptosporidium spp giardia spp health risks pathogens quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) wastewater reuse Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a82a6e789f514c9690391f73f741c636
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a82a6e789f514c9690391f73f741c6362021-11-06T10:42:55ZEvaluation of pathogen risks using QMRA to explore wastewater reuse options: A case study from New Delhi in India0273-12231996-973210.2166/wst.2020.583https://doaj.org/article/a82a6e789f514c9690391f73f741c6362021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wst.iwaponline.com/content/83/3/543https://doaj.org/toc/0273-1223https://doaj.org/toc/1996-9732Selecting appropriate reuse for treated wastewater is a challenge. The current investigation outlines the utilization of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to assist Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) management to determine the best-possible reuse of treated wastewater from 11 ETPs in Delhi. Four representative pathogens: pathogenic Escherichia coli spp., Salmonella spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were selected to characterize microbial water quality. Reuse options selected based on the survey and interaction with ETP managers include crop irrigation, garden irrigation, toilet flush and industrial applications. The probability of infection was characterized for two exposure groups: workers and children. Water quality monitoring indicates the occurrence of pathogenic E. coli spp. (100%), Salmonella spp. (63%), Cryptosporidium spp. (81%) and Giardia spp. (45%) in the treated wastewater. QMRA reveals the annual median-probability of infection above acceptable limits for pathogenic E. coli spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Salmonella spp. The probabilities of Giardia-associated infections were low. Adults showed a 1.24 times higher probability of infection compared to children. Sensitivity analysis indicated pathogen concentration as the most critical factor. The study highlights that the existing plans for chlorination-based treatment technology may prove insufficient in reducing the risk for selected reuse options; but, alternate on-site control measures and up-grading water reuse protocol may be effective.Rajashree HajarePawan LabhasetwarPranav NagarnaikIWA Publishingarticlecryptosporidium sppgiardia spphealth riskspathogensquantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra)wastewater reuseEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Science and Technology, Vol 83, Iss 3, Pp 543-555 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cryptosporidium spp giardia spp health risks pathogens quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) wastewater reuse Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	cryptosporidium spp giardia spp health risks pathogens quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) wastewater reuse Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Rajashree Hajare Pawan Labhasetwar Pranav Nagarnaik Evaluation of pathogen risks using QMRA to explore wastewater reuse options: A case study from New Delhi in India
description	Selecting appropriate reuse for treated wastewater is a challenge. The current investigation outlines the utilization of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to assist Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) management to determine the best-possible reuse of treated wastewater from 11 ETPs in Delhi. Four representative pathogens: pathogenic Escherichia coli spp., Salmonella spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were selected to characterize microbial water quality. Reuse options selected based on the survey and interaction with ETP managers include crop irrigation, garden irrigation, toilet flush and industrial applications. The probability of infection was characterized for two exposure groups: workers and children. Water quality monitoring indicates the occurrence of pathogenic E. coli spp. (100%), Salmonella spp. (63%), Cryptosporidium spp. (81%) and Giardia spp. (45%) in the treated wastewater. QMRA reveals the annual median-probability of infection above acceptable limits for pathogenic E. coli spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Salmonella spp. The probabilities of Giardia-associated infections were low. Adults showed a 1.24 times higher probability of infection compared to children. Sensitivity analysis indicated pathogen concentration as the most critical factor. The study highlights that the existing plans for chlorination-based treatment technology may prove insufficient in reducing the risk for selected reuse options; but, alternate on-site control measures and up-grading water reuse protocol may be effective.
format	article
author	Rajashree Hajare Pawan Labhasetwar Pranav Nagarnaik
author_facet	Rajashree Hajare Pawan Labhasetwar Pranav Nagarnaik
author_sort	Rajashree Hajare
title	Evaluation of pathogen risks using QMRA to explore wastewater reuse options: A case study from New Delhi in India
title_short	Evaluation of pathogen risks using QMRA to explore wastewater reuse options: A case study from New Delhi in India
title_full	Evaluation of pathogen risks using QMRA to explore wastewater reuse options: A case study from New Delhi in India
title_fullStr	Evaluation of pathogen risks using QMRA to explore wastewater reuse options: A case study from New Delhi in India
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of pathogen risks using QMRA to explore wastewater reuse options: A case study from New Delhi in India
title_sort	evaluation of pathogen risks using qmra to explore wastewater reuse options: a case study from new delhi in india
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a82a6e789f514c9690391f73f741c636
work_keys_str_mv	AT rajashreehajare evaluationofpathogenrisksusingqmratoexplorewastewaterreuseoptionsacasestudyfromnewdelhiinindia AT pawanlabhasetwar evaluationofpathogenrisksusingqmratoexplorewastewaterreuseoptionsacasestudyfromnewdelhiinindia AT pranavnagarnaik evaluationofpathogenrisksusingqmratoexplorewastewaterreuseoptionsacasestudyfromnewdelhiinindia
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Evaluation of pathogen risks using QMRA to explore wastewater reuse options: A case study from New Delhi in India

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