Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a vector-borne, parasitic disease. CanL is endemic in the Mediterranean basin and South America but also found in Northern Africa, Asia, and the U.S. Regions with both competent sand fly vectors and <i>L. infantum</i> parasites are also endemic for addition...

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Autores principales:	Erin A. Beasley, Danielle Pessôa-Pereira, Breanna M. Scorza, Christine A. Petersen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	co-infections canine leishmaniosis risk factors pathogenesis immunity epidemiology Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a847010e9e284d6c87b45cf0fe359b7f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a847010e9e284d6c87b45cf0fe359b7f2021-11-25T16:19:04ZEpidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis10.3390/ani111132062076-2615https://doaj.org/article/a847010e9e284d6c87b45cf0fe359b7f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3206https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a vector-borne, parasitic disease. CanL is endemic in the Mediterranean basin and South America but also found in Northern Africa, Asia, and the U.S. Regions with both competent sand fly vectors and <i>L. infantum</i> parasites are also endemic for additional infectious diseases that could cause co-infections in dogs. Growing evidence indicates that co-infections can impact immunologic responses and thus the clinical course of both CanL and the comorbid disease(s). The aim for this review is to summarize epidemiologic, clinical, and immunologic factors contributing to eight primary co-infections reported with CanL: <i>Ehrlichia</i> spp., <i>Anaplasma</i> spp., <i>Borrelia</i> spp., <i>Babesia</i> spp., <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>, <i>Paracoccidioides braziliensis</i>. Co-infection causes mechanistic differences in immunity which can alter diagnostics, therapeutic management, and prognosis of dogs with CanL. More research is needed to further explore immunomodulation during CanL co-infection(s) and their clinical impact.Erin A. BeasleyDanielle Pessôa-PereiraBreanna M. ScorzaChristine A. PetersenMDPI AGarticleco-infectionscanine leishmaniosisrisk factorspathogenesisimmunityepidemiologyVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3206, p 3206 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	co-infections canine leishmaniosis risk factors pathogenesis immunity epidemiology Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	co-infections canine leishmaniosis risk factors pathogenesis immunity epidemiology Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Erin A. Beasley Danielle Pessôa-Pereira Breanna M. Scorza Christine A. Petersen Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis
description	Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a vector-borne, parasitic disease. CanL is endemic in the Mediterranean basin and South America but also found in Northern Africa, Asia, and the U.S. Regions with both competent sand fly vectors and <i>L. infantum</i> parasites are also endemic for additional infectious diseases that could cause co-infections in dogs. Growing evidence indicates that co-infections can impact immunologic responses and thus the clinical course of both CanL and the comorbid disease(s). The aim for this review is to summarize epidemiologic, clinical, and immunologic factors contributing to eight primary co-infections reported with CanL: <i>Ehrlichia</i> spp., <i>Anaplasma</i> spp., <i>Borrelia</i> spp., <i>Babesia</i> spp., <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>, <i>Paracoccidioides braziliensis</i>. Co-infection causes mechanistic differences in immunity which can alter diagnostics, therapeutic management, and prognosis of dogs with CanL. More research is needed to further explore immunomodulation during CanL co-infection(s) and their clinical impact.
format	article
author	Erin A. Beasley Danielle Pessôa-Pereira Breanna M. Scorza Christine A. Petersen
author_facet	Erin A. Beasley Danielle Pessôa-Pereira Breanna M. Scorza Christine A. Petersen
author_sort	Erin A. Beasley
title	Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis
title_short	Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis
title_full	Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis
title_fullStr	Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis
title_full_unstemmed	Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis
title_sort	epidemiologic, clinical and immunological consequences of co-infections during canine leishmaniosis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a847010e9e284d6c87b45cf0fe359b7f
work_keys_str_mv	AT erinabeasley epidemiologicclinicalandimmunologicalconsequencesofcoinfectionsduringcanineleishmaniosis AT daniellepessoapereira epidemiologicclinicalandimmunologicalconsequencesofcoinfectionsduringcanineleishmaniosis AT breannamscorza epidemiologicclinicalandimmunologicalconsequencesofcoinfectionsduringcanineleishmaniosis AT christineapetersen epidemiologicclinicalandimmunologicalconsequencesofcoinfectionsduringcanineleishmaniosis
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Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis

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