Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.

# Background Shoulder strength measured with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) are clinical tools that have been used to measure athlete’s performance and track their progress. # Purpose The specific aims of this study were to de...

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Autores principales:	David T. Schilling, Ashraf M. Elazzazi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	North American Sports Medicine Institute 2021
Materias:	Sports medicine RC1200-1245
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a856c2a7bacf4e9f9b2359040ba4f02c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a856c2a7bacf4e9f9b2359040ba4f02c2021-12-02T17:42:30ZShoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.10.26603/001c.242442159-2896https://doaj.org/article/a856c2a7bacf4e9f9b2359040ba4f02c2021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ijspt.scholasticahq.com/article/24244-shoulder-strength-and-closed-kinetic-chain-upper-extremity-stability-test-performance-in-division-iii-collegiate-baseball-and-softball-players.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2159-2896# Background Shoulder strength measured with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) are clinical tools that have been used to measure athlete’s performance and track their progress. # Purpose The specific aims of this study were to describe baseball (BB) and softball (SB) players isometric strength measures and their performance on the CKCUEST; examine the relationships between strength and the CKCUEST; compare isometric strength measures of the throwing and non-throwing arms; and compare the strength and the CKCUEST measures between BB and SB players. # Study Design Observational cohort study. # Methods Participants included 50 DIII BB and 24 DIII SB players. Shoulder strength for the internal and external rotators were measured using a HHD and the CKCUEST was performed. The CKCUEST score and power were calculated. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to compare throwing and non-throwing shoulder strength. Independent t-test was used to compare BB and SB players shoulder strength and the CKCUEST measures. # Results The BB players demonstrated significant strength differences between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders and the internal rotators were significantly stronger than the external rotators (p < 0.05), while the strength ratio of the internal and external rotators was not different between arms (p=0.87). The SB players demonstrated no significant strength differences between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders for the internal and external rotators or the strength ratio of the rotators (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the strength of the internal and external rotators of the non-throwing shoulder (p=0.075) or the throwing shoulder (p=0.096). The BB players throwing and non-throwing shoulders produced significantly more internal and external force than the SB players (p < 0.001), however, the internal/external rotators strength ratio were similar (p=0.32, p=0.30). The CKCUEST power had inverse and significant correlations (p=0.006, p=0.003) with SB players internal and external rotators, respectively. The CKCUEST power was significantly different between BB and SB players (p < 0.001). # Conclusion This study presented shoulder rotator strength and CKCUEST reference values for DIII BB and SB players. BB players demonstrated more strength but overall, less symmetry compared to SB players. CKCUEST power may be considered for the evaluation of athletes. # Level of Evidence Level IIIDavid T. SchillingAshraf M. ElazzaziNorth American Sports Medicine InstitutearticleSports medicineRC1200-1245ENInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, Vol 16, Iss 3 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Sports medicine RC1200-1245
spellingShingle	Sports medicine RC1200-1245 David T. Schilling Ashraf M. Elazzazi Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.
description	# Background Shoulder strength measured with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) are clinical tools that have been used to measure athlete’s performance and track their progress. # Purpose The specific aims of this study were to describe baseball (BB) and softball (SB) players isometric strength measures and their performance on the CKCUEST; examine the relationships between strength and the CKCUEST; compare isometric strength measures of the throwing and non-throwing arms; and compare the strength and the CKCUEST measures between BB and SB players. # Study Design Observational cohort study. # Methods Participants included 50 DIII BB and 24 DIII SB players. Shoulder strength for the internal and external rotators were measured using a HHD and the CKCUEST was performed. The CKCUEST score and power were calculated. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to compare throwing and non-throwing shoulder strength. Independent t-test was used to compare BB and SB players shoulder strength and the CKCUEST measures. # Results The BB players demonstrated significant strength differences between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders and the internal rotators were significantly stronger than the external rotators (p < 0.05), while the strength ratio of the internal and external rotators was not different between arms (p=0.87). The SB players demonstrated no significant strength differences between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders for the internal and external rotators or the strength ratio of the rotators (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the strength of the internal and external rotators of the non-throwing shoulder (p=0.075) or the throwing shoulder (p=0.096). The BB players throwing and non-throwing shoulders produced significantly more internal and external force than the SB players (p < 0.001), however, the internal/external rotators strength ratio were similar (p=0.32, p=0.30). The CKCUEST power had inverse and significant correlations (p=0.006, p=0.003) with SB players internal and external rotators, respectively. The CKCUEST power was significantly different between BB and SB players (p < 0.001). # Conclusion This study presented shoulder rotator strength and CKCUEST reference values for DIII BB and SB players. BB players demonstrated more strength but overall, less symmetry compared to SB players. CKCUEST power may be considered for the evaluation of athletes. # Level of Evidence Level III
format	article
author	David T. Schilling Ashraf M. Elazzazi
author_facet	David T. Schilling Ashraf M. Elazzazi
author_sort	David T. Schilling
title	Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.
title_short	Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.
title_full	Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.
title_fullStr	Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.
title_full_unstemmed	Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.
title_sort	shoulder strength and closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test performance in division iii collegiate baseball and softball players.
publisher	North American Sports Medicine Institute
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a856c2a7bacf4e9f9b2359040ba4f02c
work_keys_str_mv	AT davidtschilling shoulderstrengthandclosedkineticchainupperextremitystabilitytestperformanceindivisioniiicollegiatebaseballandsoftballplayers AT ashrafmelazzazi shoulderstrengthandclosedkineticchainupperextremitystabilitytestperformanceindivisioniiicollegiatebaseballandsoftballplayers
_version_	1718379662776729600

Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.

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