Dopamine, behavior, and addiction
Abstract Addictive drugs are habit-forming. Addiction is a learned behavior; repeated exposure to addictive drugs can stamp in learning. Dopamine-depleted or dopamine-deleted animals have only unlearned reflexes; they lack learned seeking and learned avoidance. Burst-firing of dopamine neurons enabl...
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BMC
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:a86746c1959846f78a0a2078817d00692021-12-05T12:10:34ZDopamine, behavior, and addiction10.1186/s12929-021-00779-71423-0127https://doaj.org/article/a86746c1959846f78a0a2078817d00692021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00779-7https://doaj.org/toc/1423-0127Abstract Addictive drugs are habit-forming. Addiction is a learned behavior; repeated exposure to addictive drugs can stamp in learning. Dopamine-depleted or dopamine-deleted animals have only unlearned reflexes; they lack learned seeking and learned avoidance. Burst-firing of dopamine neurons enables learning—long-term potentiation (LTP)—of search and avoidance responses. It sets the stage for learning that occurs between glutamatergic sensory inputs and GABAergic motor-related outputs of the striatum; this learning establishes the ability to search and avoid. Independent of burst-firing, the rate of single-spiking—or “pacemaker firing”—of dopaminergic neurons mediates motivational arousal. Motivational arousal increases during need states and its level determines the responsiveness of the animal to established predictive stimuli. Addictive drugs, while usually not serving as an external stimulus, have varying abilities to activate the dopamine system; the comparative abilities of different addictive drugs to facilitate LTP is something that might be studied in the future.Roy A. WiseChloe J. JordanBMCarticleDopamineBehaviorAddictionMedicineRENJournal of Biomedical Science, Vol 28, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
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DOAJ |
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EN |
| topic |
Dopamine Behavior Addiction Medicine R |
| spellingShingle |
Dopamine Behavior Addiction Medicine R Roy A. Wise Chloe J. Jordan Dopamine, behavior, and addiction |
| description |
Abstract Addictive drugs are habit-forming. Addiction is a learned behavior; repeated exposure to addictive drugs can stamp in learning. Dopamine-depleted or dopamine-deleted animals have only unlearned reflexes; they lack learned seeking and learned avoidance. Burst-firing of dopamine neurons enables learning—long-term potentiation (LTP)—of search and avoidance responses. It sets the stage for learning that occurs between glutamatergic sensory inputs and GABAergic motor-related outputs of the striatum; this learning establishes the ability to search and avoid. Independent of burst-firing, the rate of single-spiking—or “pacemaker firing”—of dopaminergic neurons mediates motivational arousal. Motivational arousal increases during need states and its level determines the responsiveness of the animal to established predictive stimuli. Addictive drugs, while usually not serving as an external stimulus, have varying abilities to activate the dopamine system; the comparative abilities of different addictive drugs to facilitate LTP is something that might be studied in the future. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Roy A. Wise Chloe J. Jordan |
| author_facet |
Roy A. Wise Chloe J. Jordan |
| author_sort |
Roy A. Wise |
| title |
Dopamine, behavior, and addiction |
| title_short |
Dopamine, behavior, and addiction |
| title_full |
Dopamine, behavior, and addiction |
| title_fullStr |
Dopamine, behavior, and addiction |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Dopamine, behavior, and addiction |
| title_sort |
dopamine, behavior, and addiction |
| publisher |
BMC |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/a86746c1959846f78a0a2078817d0069 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT royawise dopaminebehaviorandaddiction AT chloejjordan dopaminebehaviorandaddiction |
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