Potential Mechanism of Detoxification of Cyanide Compounds by Gut Microbiomes of Bamboo-Eating Pandas

ABSTRACT Gut microbes can enhance the ability of hosts to consume secondary plant compounds and, therefore, expand the dietary niche breadth of mammalian herbivores. The giant and red pandas are bamboo-eating specialists within the mammalian order Carnivora. Bamboo contains abundant plant secondary...

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Autores principales:	Lifeng Zhu, Zhisong Yang, Ran Yao, Liangliang Xu, Hua Chen, Xiaodong Gu, Tonggui Wu, Xuyu Yang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	bamboo comparative genomics cyanide compound detoxification gut microbial metagenomes pandas Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a8a71a4b389a4678acef361f16d12b3d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a8a71a4b389a4678acef361f16d12b3d2021-11-15T15:24:22ZPotential Mechanism of Detoxification of Cyanide Compounds by Gut Microbiomes of Bamboo-Eating Pandas10.1128/mSphere.00229-182379-5042https://doaj.org/article/a8a71a4b389a4678acef361f16d12b3d2018-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00229-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Gut microbes can enhance the ability of hosts to consume secondary plant compounds and, therefore, expand the dietary niche breadth of mammalian herbivores. The giant and red pandas are bamboo-eating specialists within the mammalian order Carnivora. Bamboo contains abundant plant secondary metabolites (e.g., cyanide-containing compounds). However, Carnivora species, including the giant panda, have deficient levels of rhodanese (one of the essential cyanide detoxification enzymes) in their tissues compared with the same tissues of herbivores. Here, we make a comparative analysis of 94 gut metagenomes, including 25 from bamboo-eating pandas (19 from giant pandas and 6 from red pandas), 30 from Père David’s deer, and 39 from published data for other mammals. The bamboo-eating pandas’ gut microbiomes had some common features, such as high proportions of Pseudomonas bacteria. The results revealed that bamboo-eating pandas’ gut microbiomes were significantly enriched in putative genes coding for enzymes related to cyanide degradation (e.g., rhodanese) compared with the gut microbiomes of typical herbivorous mammals, which might have coevolved with their special bamboo diets. The enrichment of putative cyanide-digesting gut microbes, in combination with adaptations related to morphology (e.g., pseudothumbs) and genomic signatures, show that the giant panda and red panda have evolved some common traits to adapt to their bamboo diet. IMPORTANCE The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red panda (Ailurus fulgens), two obligate bamboo feeders, have distinct phylogenetic positions in the order Carnivora. Bamboo is extraordinarily rich in plant secondary metabolites, such as allied phenolic and polyphenolic compounds and even toxic cyanide compounds. Here, the enrichment of putative cyanide-digesting gut microbes, in combination with adaptations related to morphology (e.g., pseudothumbs) and genomic signatures, show that the giant panda and red panda have evolved some common traits to adapt to their bamboo diet. Thus, here is another story of diet-driven gut microbiota in nature.Lifeng ZhuZhisong YangRan YaoLiangliang XuHua ChenXiaodong GuTonggui WuXuyu YangAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlebamboocomparative genomicscyanide compound detoxificationgut microbial metagenomespandasMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 3, Iss 3 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bamboo comparative genomics cyanide compound detoxification gut microbial metagenomes pandas Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	bamboo comparative genomics cyanide compound detoxification gut microbial metagenomes pandas Microbiology QR1-502 Lifeng Zhu Zhisong Yang Ran Yao Liangliang Xu Hua Chen Xiaodong Gu Tonggui Wu Xuyu Yang Potential Mechanism of Detoxification of Cyanide Compounds by Gut Microbiomes of Bamboo-Eating Pandas
description	ABSTRACT Gut microbes can enhance the ability of hosts to consume secondary plant compounds and, therefore, expand the dietary niche breadth of mammalian herbivores. The giant and red pandas are bamboo-eating specialists within the mammalian order Carnivora. Bamboo contains abundant plant secondary metabolites (e.g., cyanide-containing compounds). However, Carnivora species, including the giant panda, have deficient levels of rhodanese (one of the essential cyanide detoxification enzymes) in their tissues compared with the same tissues of herbivores. Here, we make a comparative analysis of 94 gut metagenomes, including 25 from bamboo-eating pandas (19 from giant pandas and 6 from red pandas), 30 from Père David’s deer, and 39 from published data for other mammals. The bamboo-eating pandas’ gut microbiomes had some common features, such as high proportions of Pseudomonas bacteria. The results revealed that bamboo-eating pandas’ gut microbiomes were significantly enriched in putative genes coding for enzymes related to cyanide degradation (e.g., rhodanese) compared with the gut microbiomes of typical herbivorous mammals, which might have coevolved with their special bamboo diets. The enrichment of putative cyanide-digesting gut microbes, in combination with adaptations related to morphology (e.g., pseudothumbs) and genomic signatures, show that the giant panda and red panda have evolved some common traits to adapt to their bamboo diet. IMPORTANCE The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red panda (Ailurus fulgens), two obligate bamboo feeders, have distinct phylogenetic positions in the order Carnivora. Bamboo is extraordinarily rich in plant secondary metabolites, such as allied phenolic and polyphenolic compounds and even toxic cyanide compounds. Here, the enrichment of putative cyanide-digesting gut microbes, in combination with adaptations related to morphology (e.g., pseudothumbs) and genomic signatures, show that the giant panda and red panda have evolved some common traits to adapt to their bamboo diet. Thus, here is another story of diet-driven gut microbiota in nature.
format	article
author	Lifeng Zhu Zhisong Yang Ran Yao Liangliang Xu Hua Chen Xiaodong Gu Tonggui Wu Xuyu Yang
author_facet	Lifeng Zhu Zhisong Yang Ran Yao Liangliang Xu Hua Chen Xiaodong Gu Tonggui Wu Xuyu Yang
author_sort	Lifeng Zhu
title	Potential Mechanism of Detoxification of Cyanide Compounds by Gut Microbiomes of Bamboo-Eating Pandas
title_short	Potential Mechanism of Detoxification of Cyanide Compounds by Gut Microbiomes of Bamboo-Eating Pandas
title_full	Potential Mechanism of Detoxification of Cyanide Compounds by Gut Microbiomes of Bamboo-Eating Pandas
title_fullStr	Potential Mechanism of Detoxification of Cyanide Compounds by Gut Microbiomes of Bamboo-Eating Pandas
title_full_unstemmed	Potential Mechanism of Detoxification of Cyanide Compounds by Gut Microbiomes of Bamboo-Eating Pandas
title_sort	potential mechanism of detoxification of cyanide compounds by gut microbiomes of bamboo-eating pandas
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/a8a71a4b389a4678acef361f16d12b3d
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Potential Mechanism of Detoxification of Cyanide Compounds by Gut Microbiomes of Bamboo-Eating Pandas

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