Sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

The stratigraphy of the Ecca Group has been subdivided into the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, Ripon, and Fort Brown Formations in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In this article, we present detailed stratigraphic and facies analyses of borehole data and road-cut exposures of the Ecc...

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Autores principales:	Baiyegunhi Christopher, Liu Kuiwu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	De Gruyter 2021
Materias:	stratigraphy lithofacies depositional environment ecca group karoo supergroup Geology QE1-996.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a8d1c62de4b44e77b8879d21abbfd298
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a8d1c62de4b44e77b8879d21abbfd2982021-12-05T14:10:48ZSedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa2391-544710.1515/geo-2020-0256https://doaj.org/article/a8d1c62de4b44e77b8879d21abbfd2982021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0256https://doaj.org/toc/2391-5447The stratigraphy of the Ecca Group has been subdivided into the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, Ripon, and Fort Brown Formations in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In this article, we present detailed stratigraphic and facies analyses of borehole data and road-cut exposures of the Ecca Group along regional roads R67 (Ecca Pass), R344 (Grahamstown-Adelaide), R350 (Kirkwood-Somerset East), and national roads N2 (Grahamstown-Peddie) and N10 (Paterson-Cookhouse). Facies analysis of the Ecca Group in the study area was performed to deduce their depositional environments. Based on the lithological and facies characteristics, the stratigraphy of the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, and Fort Brown Formations is now subdivided into two informal members each, while the Ripon Formation is subdivided into three members. A total of twelve lithofacies were identified in the Ecca Group and were further grouped into seven distinct facies associations (FAs), namely: Laminated to thin-bedded black-greyish shale and mudstones (FA 1); Laminated black-greyish shale and interbedded chert (FA 2); Mudstone rhythmite and thin beds of tuff alternation (FA 3); Thin to thick-bedded sandstone and mudstone intercalation (FA 4); Medium to thick-bedded dark-grey shale (FA 5); Alternated thin to medium-bedded sandstone and mudstone (FA 6); and Varved mudstone rhythmite and sandstone intercalation (FA 7). The FAs revealed gradually change of sea-level from deep marine (FA 1, FA 2, FA 3 and FA 4, FA 5, and FA 6) to prodelta environment (FA 7). This implies that the main Karoo Basin was gradually filling up with Ecca sediments, resulting in the gradual shallowing up of the water depth of the depositional basin.Baiyegunhi ChristopherLiu KuiwuDe Gruyterarticlestratigraphylithofaciesdepositional environmentecca groupkaroo supergroupGeologyQE1-996.5ENOpen Geosciences, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 748-781 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	stratigraphy lithofacies depositional environment ecca group karoo supergroup Geology QE1-996.5
spellingShingle	stratigraphy lithofacies depositional environment ecca group karoo supergroup Geology QE1-996.5 Baiyegunhi Christopher Liu Kuiwu Sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
description	The stratigraphy of the Ecca Group has been subdivided into the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, Ripon, and Fort Brown Formations in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In this article, we present detailed stratigraphic and facies analyses of borehole data and road-cut exposures of the Ecca Group along regional roads R67 (Ecca Pass), R344 (Grahamstown-Adelaide), R350 (Kirkwood-Somerset East), and national roads N2 (Grahamstown-Peddie) and N10 (Paterson-Cookhouse). Facies analysis of the Ecca Group in the study area was performed to deduce their depositional environments. Based on the lithological and facies characteristics, the stratigraphy of the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, and Fort Brown Formations is now subdivided into two informal members each, while the Ripon Formation is subdivided into three members. A total of twelve lithofacies were identified in the Ecca Group and were further grouped into seven distinct facies associations (FAs), namely: Laminated to thin-bedded black-greyish shale and mudstones (FA 1); Laminated black-greyish shale and interbedded chert (FA 2); Mudstone rhythmite and thin beds of tuff alternation (FA 3); Thin to thick-bedded sandstone and mudstone intercalation (FA 4); Medium to thick-bedded dark-grey shale (FA 5); Alternated thin to medium-bedded sandstone and mudstone (FA 6); and Varved mudstone rhythmite and sandstone intercalation (FA 7). The FAs revealed gradually change of sea-level from deep marine (FA 1, FA 2, FA 3 and FA 4, FA 5, and FA 6) to prodelta environment (FA 7). This implies that the main Karoo Basin was gradually filling up with Ecca sediments, resulting in the gradual shallowing up of the water depth of the depositional basin.
format	article
author	Baiyegunhi Christopher Liu Kuiwu
author_facet	Baiyegunhi Christopher Liu Kuiwu
author_sort	Baiyegunhi Christopher
title	Sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
title_short	Sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
title_full	Sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
title_fullStr	Sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
title_full_unstemmed	Sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
title_sort	sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the ecca group, karoo supergroup in the eastern cape province of south africa
publisher	De Gruyter
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a8d1c62de4b44e77b8879d21abbfd298
work_keys_str_mv	AT baiyegunhichristopher sedimentaryfaciesstratigraphyanddepositionalenvironmentsoftheeccagroupkaroosupergroupintheeasterncapeprovinceofsouthafrica AT liukuiwu sedimentaryfaciesstratigraphyanddepositionalenvironmentsoftheeccagroupkaroosupergroupintheeasterncapeprovinceofsouthafrica
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Sedimentary facies, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

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