Desert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health.

<h4>Background</h4>To convert deserts into arable, green landscapes is a global vision, and desert farming is a strong growing area of agriculture world-wide. However, its effect on diversity of soil microbial communities, which are responsible for important ecosystem services like plant...

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Autores principales:	Martina Köberl, Henry Müller, Elshahat M Ramadan, Gabriele Berg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a8d744bdff084c4fbab4f012de064c23
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a8d744bdff084c4fbab4f012de064c232021-11-18T06:46:42ZDesert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0024452https://doaj.org/article/a8d744bdff084c4fbab4f012de064c232011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21912695/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>To convert deserts into arable, green landscapes is a global vision, and desert farming is a strong growing area of agriculture world-wide. However, its effect on diversity of soil microbial communities, which are responsible for important ecosystem services like plant health, is still not known.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We studied the impact of long-term agriculture on desert soil in one of the most prominent examples for organic desert farming in Sekem (Egypt). Using a polyphasic methodological approach to analyse microbial communities in soil as well as associated with cultivated plants, drastic effects caused by 30 years of agriculture were detected. Analysing bacterial fingerprints, we found statistically significant differences between agricultural and native desert soil of about 60%. A pyrosequencing-based analysis of the 16S rRNA gene regions showed higher diversity in agricultural than in desert soil (Shannon diversity indices: 11.21/7.90), and displayed structural differences. The proportion of Firmicutes in field soil was significantly higher (37%) than in the desert (11%). Bacillus and Paenibacillus play the key role: they represented 96% of the antagonists towards phytopathogens, and identical 16S rRNA sequences in the amplicon library and for isolates were detected. The proportion of antagonistic strains was doubled in field in comparison to desert soil (21.6%/12.4%); disease-suppressive bacteria were especially enriched in plant roots. On the opposite, several extremophilic bacterial groups, e.g., Acidimicrobium, Rubellimicrobium and Deinococcus-Thermus, disappeared from soil after agricultural use. The N-fixing Herbaspirillum group only occurred in desert soil. Soil bacterial communities were strongly driven by the a-biotic factors water supply and pH.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>After long-term farming, a drastic shift in the bacterial communities in desert soil was observed. Bacterial communities in agricultural soil showed a higher diversity and a better ecosystem function for plant health but a loss of extremophilic bacteria. Interestingly, we detected that indigenous desert microorganisms promoted plant health in desert agro-ecosystems.Martina KöberlHenry MüllerElshahat M RamadanGabriele BergPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 9, p e24452 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Martina Köberl Henry Müller Elshahat M Ramadan Gabriele Berg Desert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health.
description	<h4>Background</h4>To convert deserts into arable, green landscapes is a global vision, and desert farming is a strong growing area of agriculture world-wide. However, its effect on diversity of soil microbial communities, which are responsible for important ecosystem services like plant health, is still not known.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We studied the impact of long-term agriculture on desert soil in one of the most prominent examples for organic desert farming in Sekem (Egypt). Using a polyphasic methodological approach to analyse microbial communities in soil as well as associated with cultivated plants, drastic effects caused by 30 years of agriculture were detected. Analysing bacterial fingerprints, we found statistically significant differences between agricultural and native desert soil of about 60%. A pyrosequencing-based analysis of the 16S rRNA gene regions showed higher diversity in agricultural than in desert soil (Shannon diversity indices: 11.21/7.90), and displayed structural differences. The proportion of Firmicutes in field soil was significantly higher (37%) than in the desert (11%). Bacillus and Paenibacillus play the key role: they represented 96% of the antagonists towards phytopathogens, and identical 16S rRNA sequences in the amplicon library and for isolates were detected. The proportion of antagonistic strains was doubled in field in comparison to desert soil (21.6%/12.4%); disease-suppressive bacteria were especially enriched in plant roots. On the opposite, several extremophilic bacterial groups, e.g., Acidimicrobium, Rubellimicrobium and Deinococcus-Thermus, disappeared from soil after agricultural use. The N-fixing Herbaspirillum group only occurred in desert soil. Soil bacterial communities were strongly driven by the a-biotic factors water supply and pH.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>After long-term farming, a drastic shift in the bacterial communities in desert soil was observed. Bacterial communities in agricultural soil showed a higher diversity and a better ecosystem function for plant health but a loss of extremophilic bacteria. Interestingly, we detected that indigenous desert microorganisms promoted plant health in desert agro-ecosystems.
format	article
author	Martina Köberl Henry Müller Elshahat M Ramadan Gabriele Berg
author_facet	Martina Köberl Henry Müller Elshahat M Ramadan Gabriele Berg
author_sort	Martina Köberl
title	Desert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health.
title_short	Desert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health.
title_full	Desert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health.
title_fullStr	Desert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health.
title_full_unstemmed	Desert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health.
title_sort	desert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/a8d744bdff084c4fbab4f012de064c23
work_keys_str_mv	AT martinakoberl desertfarmingbenefitsfrommicrobialpotentialinaridsoilsandpromotesdiversityandplanthealth AT henrymuller desertfarmingbenefitsfrommicrobialpotentialinaridsoilsandpromotesdiversityandplanthealth AT elshahatmramadan desertfarmingbenefitsfrommicrobialpotentialinaridsoilsandpromotesdiversityandplanthealth AT gabrieleberg desertfarmingbenefitsfrommicrobialpotentialinaridsoilsandpromotesdiversityandplanthealth
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Desert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health.

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