Caldera unrest driven by CO2-induced drying of the deep hydrothermal system

Abstract Interpreting volcanic unrest is a highly challenging and non-unique problem at calderas, since large hydrothermal systems may either hide or amplify the dynamics of buried magma(s). Here we use the exceptional ground displacement and geochemical datasets from the actively degassing Campi Fl...

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Autores principales:	R. Moretti, C. Troise, F. Sarno, G. De Natale
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a8e39a54a2b34b0aacd361ba5f78b9ff
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a8e39a54a2b34b0aacd361ba5f78b9ff2021-12-02T11:40:16ZCaldera unrest driven by CO2-induced drying of the deep hydrothermal system10.1038/s41598-018-26610-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a8e39a54a2b34b0aacd361ba5f78b9ff2018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26610-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Interpreting volcanic unrest is a highly challenging and non-unique problem at calderas, since large hydrothermal systems may either hide or amplify the dynamics of buried magma(s). Here we use the exceptional ground displacement and geochemical datasets from the actively degassing Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy) to show that ambiguities disappear when the thermal evolution of the deep hydrothermal system is accurately tracked. By using temperatures from the CO2-CH4 exchange of 13C and thermodynamic analysis of gas ascending in the crust, we demonstrate that after the last 1982–84 crisis the deep hydrothermal system evolved through supercritical conditions under the continuous isenthalpic inflow of hot CO2-rich gases released from the deep (~8 km) magma reservoir of regional size. This resulted in the drying of the base of the hot hydrothermal system, no more buffered along the liquid-vapour equilibrium, and excludes any shallow arrival of new magma, whose abundant steam degassing due to decompression would have restored liquid-vapour equilibrium. The consequent CO2-infiltration and progressive heating of the surrounding deforming rock volume cause the build-up of pore pressure in aquifers, and generate the striking temporal symmetry that characterizes the ongoing uplift and the post-1984 subsidence, both originated by the same but reversed deformation mechanism.R. MorettiC. TroiseF. SarnoG. De NataleNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q R. Moretti C. Troise F. Sarno G. De Natale Caldera unrest driven by CO2-induced drying of the deep hydrothermal system
description	Abstract Interpreting volcanic unrest is a highly challenging and non-unique problem at calderas, since large hydrothermal systems may either hide or amplify the dynamics of buried magma(s). Here we use the exceptional ground displacement and geochemical datasets from the actively degassing Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy) to show that ambiguities disappear when the thermal evolution of the deep hydrothermal system is accurately tracked. By using temperatures from the CO2-CH4 exchange of 13C and thermodynamic analysis of gas ascending in the crust, we demonstrate that after the last 1982–84 crisis the deep hydrothermal system evolved through supercritical conditions under the continuous isenthalpic inflow of hot CO2-rich gases released from the deep (~8 km) magma reservoir of regional size. This resulted in the drying of the base of the hot hydrothermal system, no more buffered along the liquid-vapour equilibrium, and excludes any shallow arrival of new magma, whose abundant steam degassing due to decompression would have restored liquid-vapour equilibrium. The consequent CO2-infiltration and progressive heating of the surrounding deforming rock volume cause the build-up of pore pressure in aquifers, and generate the striking temporal symmetry that characterizes the ongoing uplift and the post-1984 subsidence, both originated by the same but reversed deformation mechanism.
format	article
author	R. Moretti C. Troise F. Sarno G. De Natale
author_facet	R. Moretti C. Troise F. Sarno G. De Natale
author_sort	R. Moretti
title	Caldera unrest driven by CO2-induced drying of the deep hydrothermal system
title_short	Caldera unrest driven by CO2-induced drying of the deep hydrothermal system
title_full	Caldera unrest driven by CO2-induced drying of the deep hydrothermal system
title_fullStr	Caldera unrest driven by CO2-induced drying of the deep hydrothermal system
title_full_unstemmed	Caldera unrest driven by CO2-induced drying of the deep hydrothermal system
title_sort	caldera unrest driven by co2-induced drying of the deep hydrothermal system
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/a8e39a54a2b34b0aacd361ba5f78b9ff
work_keys_str_mv	AT rmoretti calderaunrestdrivenbyco2induceddryingofthedeephydrothermalsystem AT ctroise calderaunrestdrivenbyco2induceddryingofthedeephydrothermalsystem AT fsarno calderaunrestdrivenbyco2induceddryingofthedeephydrothermalsystem AT gdenatale calderaunrestdrivenbyco2induceddryingofthedeephydrothermalsystem
_version_	1718395663886057472

Caldera unrest driven by CO2-induced drying of the deep hydrothermal system

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