Dose- and time-dependent changes in viability and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production by HaCaT-cells exposed to cobalt. Effects of high and low calcium growth conditions.

<h4>Background</h4>Sensitization requires exposure to an allergen with subsequent production of a "danger "signal. In the skin, keratinocytes are the main producers of these signals.<h4>Objective</h4>To compare dose- and time-effects of cobalt on the viability of an...

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Autores principales:	Maria Klasson, Magnus Lindberg, Eva Särndahl, Håkan Westberg, Ing-Liss Bryngelsson, Kedeye Tuerxun, Alexander Persson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a905b48e4f3c4f758a743e2c5eefc2a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a905b48e4f3c4f758a743e2c5eefc2a12021-11-25T06:23:35ZDose- and time-dependent changes in viability and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production by HaCaT-cells exposed to cobalt. Effects of high and low calcium growth conditions.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0252159https://doaj.org/article/a905b48e4f3c4f758a743e2c5eefc2a12021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252159https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Sensitization requires exposure to an allergen with subsequent production of a "danger "signal. In the skin, keratinocytes are the main producers of these signals.<h4>Objective</h4>To compare dose- and time-effects of cobalt on the viability of and cytokine release from HaCaT cells cultured at low or high calcium.<h4>Method</h4>To model two separate states of differentiation of keratinocytes, HaCaT cells were cultured under low or high calcium conditions. HaCaT were exposed to different concentrations of cobalt chloride (10 μm to 5 mM) over time (30 minutes- 48 hours). Cell viability was measured with the Cell-Titer Blue Viability assay. Cytokine production was measured using a bead-based immunoassay and flow cytometry. Gene expression was quantified using qPCR. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and linear mixed model.<h4>Results</h4>Viability of the cells was dose- and time-dependent. A linear mixed statistical model showed that cobalt exposure induces increase in IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production over time and whereas increase of IL-6 and a decrease of CCL2 was associated with increasing cobalt chloride concentrations. When comparing the cells incubated under high and low calcium conditions, the more differentiated cells in the high concentration were found to exert a stronger response in terms of IL-6 release.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our data suggest that cobalt chloride triggered an alarm system in HaCaT cells, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines were secreted in a dose- and time-dependent manner. When high and low calcium incubations were compared, the difference was seen only for IL-6. These findings indicate that the effect of cobalt chloride on cell toxicity occurs throughout the living epidermis.Maria KlassonMagnus LindbergEva SärndahlHåkan WestbergIng-Liss BryngelssonKedeye TuerxunAlexander PerssonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0252159 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Maria Klasson Magnus Lindberg Eva Särndahl Håkan Westberg Ing-Liss Bryngelsson Kedeye Tuerxun Alexander Persson Dose- and time-dependent changes in viability and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production by HaCaT-cells exposed to cobalt. Effects of high and low calcium growth conditions.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Sensitization requires exposure to an allergen with subsequent production of a "danger "signal. In the skin, keratinocytes are the main producers of these signals.<h4>Objective</h4>To compare dose- and time-effects of cobalt on the viability of and cytokine release from HaCaT cells cultured at low or high calcium.<h4>Method</h4>To model two separate states of differentiation of keratinocytes, HaCaT cells were cultured under low or high calcium conditions. HaCaT were exposed to different concentrations of cobalt chloride (10 μm to 5 mM) over time (30 minutes- 48 hours). Cell viability was measured with the Cell-Titer Blue Viability assay. Cytokine production was measured using a bead-based immunoassay and flow cytometry. Gene expression was quantified using qPCR. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and linear mixed model.<h4>Results</h4>Viability of the cells was dose- and time-dependent. A linear mixed statistical model showed that cobalt exposure induces increase in IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production over time and whereas increase of IL-6 and a decrease of CCL2 was associated with increasing cobalt chloride concentrations. When comparing the cells incubated under high and low calcium conditions, the more differentiated cells in the high concentration were found to exert a stronger response in terms of IL-6 release.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our data suggest that cobalt chloride triggered an alarm system in HaCaT cells, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines were secreted in a dose- and time-dependent manner. When high and low calcium incubations were compared, the difference was seen only for IL-6. These findings indicate that the effect of cobalt chloride on cell toxicity occurs throughout the living epidermis.
format	article
author	Maria Klasson Magnus Lindberg Eva Särndahl Håkan Westberg Ing-Liss Bryngelsson Kedeye Tuerxun Alexander Persson
author_facet	Maria Klasson Magnus Lindberg Eva Särndahl Håkan Westberg Ing-Liss Bryngelsson Kedeye Tuerxun Alexander Persson
author_sort	Maria Klasson
title	Dose- and time-dependent changes in viability and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production by HaCaT-cells exposed to cobalt. Effects of high and low calcium growth conditions.
title_short	Dose- and time-dependent changes in viability and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production by HaCaT-cells exposed to cobalt. Effects of high and low calcium growth conditions.
title_full	Dose- and time-dependent changes in viability and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production by HaCaT-cells exposed to cobalt. Effects of high and low calcium growth conditions.
title_fullStr	Dose- and time-dependent changes in viability and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production by HaCaT-cells exposed to cobalt. Effects of high and low calcium growth conditions.
title_full_unstemmed	Dose- and time-dependent changes in viability and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production by HaCaT-cells exposed to cobalt. Effects of high and low calcium growth conditions.
title_sort	dose- and time-dependent changes in viability and il-6, cxcl8 and ccl2 production by hacat-cells exposed to cobalt. effects of high and low calcium growth conditions.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a905b48e4f3c4f758a743e2c5eefc2a1
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Dose- and time-dependent changes in viability and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production by HaCaT-cells exposed to cobalt. Effects of high and low calcium growth conditions.

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