Sugar feeding protects against arboviral infection by enhancing gut immunity in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti.

As mosquito females require a blood meal to reproduce, they can act as vectors of numerous pathogens, such as arboviruses (e.g. Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses), which constitute a substantial worldwide public health burden. In addition to blood meals, mosquito females can also take sugar meals...

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Autores principales:	Floriane Almire, Selim Terhzaz, Sandra Terry, Melanie McFarlane, Rommel J Gestuveo, Agnieszka M Szemiel, Margus Varjak, Alma McDonald, Alain Kohl, Emilie Pondeville
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a90bb17098b84dda9b34aaed704a73c5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a90bb17098b84dda9b34aaed704a73c52021-12-02T20:00:14ZSugar feeding protects against arboviral infection by enhancing gut immunity in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1009870https://doaj.org/article/a90bb17098b84dda9b34aaed704a73c52021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009870https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374As mosquito females require a blood meal to reproduce, they can act as vectors of numerous pathogens, such as arboviruses (e.g. Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses), which constitute a substantial worldwide public health burden. In addition to blood meals, mosquito females can also take sugar meals to get carbohydrates for their energy reserves. It is now recognised that diet is a key regulator of health and disease outcome through interactions with the immune system. However, this has been mostly studied in humans and model organisms. So far, the impact of sugar feeding on mosquito immunity and in turn, how this could affect vector competence for arboviruses has not been explored. Here, we show that sugar feeding increases and maintains antiviral immunity in the digestive tract of the main arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti. Our data demonstrate that the gut microbiota does not mediate the sugar-induced immunity but partly inhibits it. Importantly, sugar intake prior to an arbovirus-infected blood meal further protects females against infection with arboviruses from different families. Sugar feeding blocks arbovirus initial infection and dissemination from the gut and lowers infection prevalence and intensity, thereby decreasing the transmission potential of female mosquitoes. Finally, we show that the antiviral role of sugar is mediated by sugar-induced immunity. Overall, our findings uncover a crucial role of sugar feeding in mosquito antiviral immunity which in turn decreases vector competence for arboviruses. Since Ae. aegypti almost exclusively feed on blood in some natural settings, our findings suggest that this lack of sugar intake could increase the spread of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases.Floriane AlmireSelim TerhzazSandra TerryMelanie McFarlaneRommel J GestuveoAgnieszka M SzemielMargus VarjakAlma McDonaldAlain KohlEmilie PondevillePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 17, Iss 9, p e1009870 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Floriane Almire Selim Terhzaz Sandra Terry Melanie McFarlane Rommel J Gestuveo Agnieszka M Szemiel Margus Varjak Alma McDonald Alain Kohl Emilie Pondeville Sugar feeding protects against arboviral infection by enhancing gut immunity in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti.
description	As mosquito females require a blood meal to reproduce, they can act as vectors of numerous pathogens, such as arboviruses (e.g. Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses), which constitute a substantial worldwide public health burden. In addition to blood meals, mosquito females can also take sugar meals to get carbohydrates for their energy reserves. It is now recognised that diet is a key regulator of health and disease outcome through interactions with the immune system. However, this has been mostly studied in humans and model organisms. So far, the impact of sugar feeding on mosquito immunity and in turn, how this could affect vector competence for arboviruses has not been explored. Here, we show that sugar feeding increases and maintains antiviral immunity in the digestive tract of the main arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti. Our data demonstrate that the gut microbiota does not mediate the sugar-induced immunity but partly inhibits it. Importantly, sugar intake prior to an arbovirus-infected blood meal further protects females against infection with arboviruses from different families. Sugar feeding blocks arbovirus initial infection and dissemination from the gut and lowers infection prevalence and intensity, thereby decreasing the transmission potential of female mosquitoes. Finally, we show that the antiviral role of sugar is mediated by sugar-induced immunity. Overall, our findings uncover a crucial role of sugar feeding in mosquito antiviral immunity which in turn decreases vector competence for arboviruses. Since Ae. aegypti almost exclusively feed on blood in some natural settings, our findings suggest that this lack of sugar intake could increase the spread of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases.
format	article
author	Floriane Almire Selim Terhzaz Sandra Terry Melanie McFarlane Rommel J Gestuveo Agnieszka M Szemiel Margus Varjak Alma McDonald Alain Kohl Emilie Pondeville
author_facet	Floriane Almire Selim Terhzaz Sandra Terry Melanie McFarlane Rommel J Gestuveo Agnieszka M Szemiel Margus Varjak Alma McDonald Alain Kohl Emilie Pondeville
author_sort	Floriane Almire
title	Sugar feeding protects against arboviral infection by enhancing gut immunity in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti.
title_short	Sugar feeding protects against arboviral infection by enhancing gut immunity in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti.
title_full	Sugar feeding protects against arboviral infection by enhancing gut immunity in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti.
title_fullStr	Sugar feeding protects against arboviral infection by enhancing gut immunity in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti.
title_full_unstemmed	Sugar feeding protects against arboviral infection by enhancing gut immunity in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti.
title_sort	sugar feeding protects against arboviral infection by enhancing gut immunity in the mosquito vector aedes aegypti.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a90bb17098b84dda9b34aaed704a73c5
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Sugar feeding protects against arboviral infection by enhancing gut immunity in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti.

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