Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR

Abstract We present a comprehensive analysis of a frequency multiplexed phase-measuring φ-OTDR sensor platform. The system uses a train of frequency-shifted pulses to increase the average power injected into the fiber and provide a diversity of uncorrelated Rayleigh backscattering measurements. Thro...

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Autores principales:	Hannah M. Ogden, Matthew J. Murray, Joseph B. Murray, Clay Kirkendall, Brandon Redding
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a90e9e00fea1423ca63ee078acecd9b0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a90e9e00fea1423ca63ee078acecd9b02021-12-02T17:41:12ZFrequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR10.1038/s41598-021-97647-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a90e9e00fea1423ca63ee078acecd9b02021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97647-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract We present a comprehensive analysis of a frequency multiplexed phase-measuring φ-OTDR sensor platform. The system uses a train of frequency-shifted pulses to increase the average power injected into the fiber and provide a diversity of uncorrelated Rayleigh backscattering measurements. Through a combination of simulations, numerical analysis, and experimental measurements, we show that this approach not only enables lower noise and mitigates interference fading, but also improves the sensor linearity. We investigate the sensor dependence on the length of the pulse train and characterize the sensor performance as a function of range, demonstrating operation from 1 to 50 km. Despite its relative simplicity, this platform enables state-of-the-art performance, including low crosstalk, high linearity, and a minimum detectable strain of only 0.6 p $$\varepsilon /\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$$ ε / Hz in a 10 km fiber with 10 m spatial resolution and a bandwidth of 5 kHz.Hannah M. OgdenMatthew J. MurrayJoseph B. MurrayClay KirkendallBrandon ReddingNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hannah M. Ogden Matthew J. Murray Joseph B. Murray Clay Kirkendall Brandon Redding Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR
description	Abstract We present a comprehensive analysis of a frequency multiplexed phase-measuring φ-OTDR sensor platform. The system uses a train of frequency-shifted pulses to increase the average power injected into the fiber and provide a diversity of uncorrelated Rayleigh backscattering measurements. Through a combination of simulations, numerical analysis, and experimental measurements, we show that this approach not only enables lower noise and mitigates interference fading, but also improves the sensor linearity. We investigate the sensor dependence on the length of the pulse train and characterize the sensor performance as a function of range, demonstrating operation from 1 to 50 km. Despite its relative simplicity, this platform enables state-of-the-art performance, including low crosstalk, high linearity, and a minimum detectable strain of only 0.6 p $$\varepsilon /\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$$ ε / Hz in a 10 km fiber with 10 m spatial resolution and a bandwidth of 5 kHz.
format	article
author	Hannah M. Ogden Matthew J. Murray Joseph B. Murray Clay Kirkendall Brandon Redding
author_facet	Hannah M. Ogden Matthew J. Murray Joseph B. Murray Clay Kirkendall Brandon Redding
author_sort	Hannah M. Ogden
title	Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR
title_short	Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR
title_full	Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR
title_fullStr	Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR
title_full_unstemmed	Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR
title_sort	frequency multiplexed coherent φ-otdr
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a90e9e00fea1423ca63ee078acecd9b0
work_keys_str_mv	AT hannahmogden frequencymultiplexedcoherentphotdr AT matthewjmurray frequencymultiplexedcoherentphotdr AT josephbmurray frequencymultiplexedcoherentphotdr AT claykirkendall frequencymultiplexedcoherentphotdr AT brandonredding frequencymultiplexedcoherentphotdr
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Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR

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