Improvement of expired insecticides and their effectiveness against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

Objectives: This study aimed to recycle some expired insecticides and evaluate their effectiveness against the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) as a tactic to dispose of these obsolete insecticides. Methods: The physical and chemical characteristics of chlorpyrifos (Chlorzane 48% EC)...

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Autores principales:	Ahmed M. El-Bakry, Gehan Y. Abdou, Nahed F. Abdelaziz, Shehata M. Shalaby
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Outdated Obsolete insecticides Disposal Emulsifiers Improvement Efficiency Science (General) Q1-390
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a91b77d986934508bee6e95e9ef9012f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a91b77d986934508bee6e95e9ef9012f2021-11-18T04:44:24ZImprovement of expired insecticides and their effectiveness against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)1018-364710.1016/j.jksus.2021.101649https://doaj.org/article/a91b77d986934508bee6e95e9ef9012f2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364721003116https://doaj.org/toc/1018-3647Objectives: This study aimed to recycle some expired insecticides and evaluate their effectiveness against the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) as a tactic to dispose of these obsolete insecticides. Methods: The physical and chemical characteristics of chlorpyrifos (Chlorzane 48% EC), malathion (Nasr-lathion 57% EC) and cyhalothrin (Lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC) insecticides were determined. The active ingredients of the tested compounds were estimated by gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) equipped with a flame photometric detector GC/FPD and the insecticidal efficacy against the 4th instar larvae of the cotton leafworm, S. littoralis (Boisd.) was evaluated by the leaf dipping technique. Results: The physical and chemical characteristics of the tested insecticides clarified that chlorpyrifos (Chlorzane 48% EC) succeeded in the stability of emulsion, while cyhalothrin (Lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC) and malathion (Nasr-lathion 57% EC) failed the test, whether unexpired or expired. The emulsifiers, Tween 80 or Triton X-100 at a concentration of 20%, managed to improve the characterizations of the expired insecticides, cyhalothrin and malathion. Moreover, these emulsifiers investigated a promising increase in the efficiency of expired cyhalothrin against S. littoralis. Conclusions: The emulsifiers, Tween 80 or Triton X-100 could be used to increase the efficiency of expired insecticides, especially cyhalothrin 5% EC, thus managing to apply and dispose of that outdated insecticide.Ahmed M. El-BakryGehan Y. AbdouNahed F. AbdelazizShehata M. ShalabyElsevierarticleOutdatedObsolete insecticidesDisposalEmulsifiersImprovementEfficiencyScience (General)Q1-390ENJournal of King Saud University: Science, Vol 33, Iss 8, Pp 101649- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Outdated Obsolete insecticides Disposal Emulsifiers Improvement Efficiency Science (General) Q1-390
spellingShingle	Outdated Obsolete insecticides Disposal Emulsifiers Improvement Efficiency Science (General) Q1-390 Ahmed M. El-Bakry Gehan Y. Abdou Nahed F. Abdelaziz Shehata M. Shalaby Improvement of expired insecticides and their effectiveness against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
description	Objectives: This study aimed to recycle some expired insecticides and evaluate their effectiveness against the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) as a tactic to dispose of these obsolete insecticides. Methods: The physical and chemical characteristics of chlorpyrifos (Chlorzane 48% EC), malathion (Nasr-lathion 57% EC) and cyhalothrin (Lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC) insecticides were determined. The active ingredients of the tested compounds were estimated by gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) equipped with a flame photometric detector GC/FPD and the insecticidal efficacy against the 4th instar larvae of the cotton leafworm, S. littoralis (Boisd.) was evaluated by the leaf dipping technique. Results: The physical and chemical characteristics of the tested insecticides clarified that chlorpyrifos (Chlorzane 48% EC) succeeded in the stability of emulsion, while cyhalothrin (Lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC) and malathion (Nasr-lathion 57% EC) failed the test, whether unexpired or expired. The emulsifiers, Tween 80 or Triton X-100 at a concentration of 20%, managed to improve the characterizations of the expired insecticides, cyhalothrin and malathion. Moreover, these emulsifiers investigated a promising increase in the efficiency of expired cyhalothrin against S. littoralis. Conclusions: The emulsifiers, Tween 80 or Triton X-100 could be used to increase the efficiency of expired insecticides, especially cyhalothrin 5% EC, thus managing to apply and dispose of that outdated insecticide.
format	article
author	Ahmed M. El-Bakry Gehan Y. Abdou Nahed F. Abdelaziz Shehata M. Shalaby
author_facet	Ahmed M. El-Bakry Gehan Y. Abdou Nahed F. Abdelaziz Shehata M. Shalaby
author_sort	Ahmed M. El-Bakry
title	Improvement of expired insecticides and their effectiveness against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
title_short	Improvement of expired insecticides and their effectiveness against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
title_full	Improvement of expired insecticides and their effectiveness against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
title_fullStr	Improvement of expired insecticides and their effectiveness against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
title_full_unstemmed	Improvement of expired insecticides and their effectiveness against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
title_sort	improvement of expired insecticides and their effectiveness against the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis (boisd.)
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a91b77d986934508bee6e95e9ef9012f
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Improvement of expired insecticides and their effectiveness against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

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