Diet Sugar-Free Carbonated Soda Beverage, Non-Caloric Flavors Consumption, and Diabetic Retinopathy: Any Linkage

Hyder Mirghani,1 Naif Alali,1,2 Hani Albalawi,2 Ruba ALselaimy3 1Internal Medicine and Endocrine, Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 3Ophtha...

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Autores principales:	Mirghani H, Alali N, Albalawi H, ALselaimy R
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	non-caloric flavors carbonated soda beverage diabetic retinopathy Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a9694342a51c45848979ba808254bc7c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a9694342a51c45848979ba808254bc7c2021-12-02T14:57:42ZDiet Sugar-Free Carbonated Soda Beverage, Non-Caloric Flavors Consumption, and Diabetic Retinopathy: Any Linkage1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/a9694342a51c45848979ba808254bc7c2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/diet-sugar-free-carbonated-soda-beverage-non-caloric-flavors-consumpti-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSOhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007Hyder Mirghani,1 Naif Alali,1,2 Hani Albalawi,2 Ruba ALselaimy3 1Internal Medicine and Endocrine, Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 3Ophthalmology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Hyder MirghaniFaculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, PO Box 3378, Tabuk, 51941, Saudi ArabiaTel +966569344569Email s.hyder63@hotmail.conmPurpose: Assessing diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk factors and daily nutrition habits are vital for prevention. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between diet soda cans, non-nutritive sweetener consumption, and diabetic retinopathy.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 patients attending a diabetes center in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia, from September 2019 to July 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect patients’ demographic factors, and DR risk factors including the use of diet soda, non-nutritive sweeteners, and exercise habits. Dilated fundus eye examination was done to detect any diabetic retinopathy. A blood sample was taken for measuring glycated hemoglobin to assess the degree of glycemic control.Results: The participant’s age was  50.74 ± 13.51 years, and the duration since the diagnosis of diabetes was 9.99 ± 6.97 years, body mass index was 27.28 ± 4.68, and HbA1c %, 8.50 ± 1.61), the patients used to consume 1.31 ± 1.57 diet soda cans/week, and 1.06± 1.39 artificial sweeteners/sachet/day. DR was found in 33%. Diet sugar-free carbonated soda beverage was associated with poor glycemic control and retinopathy, while non-caloric flavor consumption was associated with obesity (P-value< 0.05). No association was evident regarding other factors (P-value> 0.05).Conclusion: Diet sugar-free carbonated soda beverage was associated with higher HbA1c and retinopathy, while non-caloric flavor consumption was associated with obesity. No association was evident regarding other factors. Further larger multicenter studies are needed.Keywords: non-caloric flavors, carbonated soda beverage, diabetic retinopathyMirghani HAlali NAlbalawi HALselaimy RDove Medical Pressarticlenon-caloric flavorscarbonated soda beveragediabetic retinopathySpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol Volume 14, Pp 2309-2315 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	non-caloric flavors carbonated soda beverage diabetic retinopathy Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	non-caloric flavors carbonated soda beverage diabetic retinopathy Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Mirghani H Alali N Albalawi H ALselaimy R Diet Sugar-Free Carbonated Soda Beverage, Non-Caloric Flavors Consumption, and Diabetic Retinopathy: Any Linkage
description	Hyder Mirghani,1 Naif Alali,1,2 Hani Albalawi,2 Ruba ALselaimy3 1Internal Medicine and Endocrine, Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 3Ophthalmology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Hyder MirghaniFaculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, PO Box 3378, Tabuk, 51941, Saudi ArabiaTel +966569344569Email s.hyder63@hotmail.conmPurpose: Assessing diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk factors and daily nutrition habits are vital for prevention. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between diet soda cans, non-nutritive sweetener consumption, and diabetic retinopathy.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 patients attending a diabetes center in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia, from September 2019 to July 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect patients’ demographic factors, and DR risk factors including the use of diet soda, non-nutritive sweeteners, and exercise habits. Dilated fundus eye examination was done to detect any diabetic retinopathy. A blood sample was taken for measuring glycated hemoglobin to assess the degree of glycemic control.Results: The participant’s age was  50.74 ± 13.51 years, and the duration since the diagnosis of diabetes was 9.99 ± 6.97 years, body mass index was 27.28 ± 4.68, and HbA1c %, 8.50 ± 1.61), the patients used to consume 1.31 ± 1.57 diet soda cans/week, and 1.06± 1.39 artificial sweeteners/sachet/day. DR was found in 33%. Diet sugar-free carbonated soda beverage was associated with poor glycemic control and retinopathy, while non-caloric flavor consumption was associated with obesity (P-value< 0.05). No association was evident regarding other factors (P-value> 0.05).Conclusion: Diet sugar-free carbonated soda beverage was associated with higher HbA1c and retinopathy, while non-caloric flavor consumption was associated with obesity. No association was evident regarding other factors. Further larger multicenter studies are needed.Keywords: non-caloric flavors, carbonated soda beverage, diabetic retinopathy
format	article
author	Mirghani H Alali N Albalawi H ALselaimy R
author_facet	Mirghani H Alali N Albalawi H ALselaimy R
author_sort	Mirghani H
title	Diet Sugar-Free Carbonated Soda Beverage, Non-Caloric Flavors Consumption, and Diabetic Retinopathy: Any Linkage
title_short	Diet Sugar-Free Carbonated Soda Beverage, Non-Caloric Flavors Consumption, and Diabetic Retinopathy: Any Linkage
title_full	Diet Sugar-Free Carbonated Soda Beverage, Non-Caloric Flavors Consumption, and Diabetic Retinopathy: Any Linkage
title_fullStr	Diet Sugar-Free Carbonated Soda Beverage, Non-Caloric Flavors Consumption, and Diabetic Retinopathy: Any Linkage
title_full_unstemmed	Diet Sugar-Free Carbonated Soda Beverage, Non-Caloric Flavors Consumption, and Diabetic Retinopathy: Any Linkage
title_sort	diet sugar-free carbonated soda beverage, non-caloric flavors consumption, and diabetic retinopathy: any linkage
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a9694342a51c45848979ba808254bc7c
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Diet Sugar-Free Carbonated Soda Beverage, Non-Caloric Flavors Consumption, and Diabetic Retinopathy: Any Linkage

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