Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases

Recent research demonstrated pathological spreading of the disease-causing proteins from one focal point across other brain regions for some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Spreading mediated by extracellular vesicles is one of the proposed disease-spreading...

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Autores principales:	Ricardo Moreira, Liliana S. Mendonça, Luís Pereira de Almeida
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	extracellular vesicles disease spreading neurodegenerative diseases polyglutamine diseases vehicle biomarker Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a9746ba5c6a24757a36db0ba0819bcde
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a9746ba5c6a24757a36db0ba0819bcde2021-11-25T17:55:05ZExtracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases10.3390/ijms2222122881422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/a9746ba5c6a24757a36db0ba0819bcde2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12288https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Recent research demonstrated pathological spreading of the disease-causing proteins from one focal point across other brain regions for some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Spreading mediated by extracellular vesicles is one of the proposed disease-spreading mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles are cell membrane-derived vesicles, used by cells for cell-to-cell communication and excretion of toxic components. Importantly, extracellular vesicles carrying pathological molecules, when internalized by “healthy” cells, may trigger pathological pathways and, consequently, promote disease spreading to neighboring cells. Polyglutamine diseases are a group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of mutant misfolded proteins carrying an expanded tract of glutamines, including Huntington’s and Machado–Joseph disease. The pathological spread of the misfolded proteins or the corresponding mutant mRNA has been explored. The understanding of the disease-spreading mechanism that plays a key role in the pathology progression of these diseases can result in the development of effective therapeutic approaches to stop disease progression, arresting the spread of the toxic components and disease aggravation. Therefore, the present review’s main focus is the disease-spreading mechanisms with emphasis on polyglutamine diseases and the putative role played by extracellular vesicles in this process.Ricardo MoreiraLiliana S. MendonçaLuís Pereira de AlmeidaMDPI AGarticleextracellular vesiclesdisease spreadingneurodegenerative diseasespolyglutamine diseasesvehiclebiomarkerBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12288, p 12288 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	extracellular vesicles disease spreading neurodegenerative diseases polyglutamine diseases vehicle biomarker Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	extracellular vesicles disease spreading neurodegenerative diseases polyglutamine diseases vehicle biomarker Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Ricardo Moreira Liliana S. Mendonça Luís Pereira de Almeida Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases
description	Recent research demonstrated pathological spreading of the disease-causing proteins from one focal point across other brain regions for some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Spreading mediated by extracellular vesicles is one of the proposed disease-spreading mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles are cell membrane-derived vesicles, used by cells for cell-to-cell communication and excretion of toxic components. Importantly, extracellular vesicles carrying pathological molecules, when internalized by “healthy” cells, may trigger pathological pathways and, consequently, promote disease spreading to neighboring cells. Polyglutamine diseases are a group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of mutant misfolded proteins carrying an expanded tract of glutamines, including Huntington’s and Machado–Joseph disease. The pathological spread of the misfolded proteins or the corresponding mutant mRNA has been explored. The understanding of the disease-spreading mechanism that plays a key role in the pathology progression of these diseases can result in the development of effective therapeutic approaches to stop disease progression, arresting the spread of the toxic components and disease aggravation. Therefore, the present review’s main focus is the disease-spreading mechanisms with emphasis on polyglutamine diseases and the putative role played by extracellular vesicles in this process.
format	article
author	Ricardo Moreira Liliana S. Mendonça Luís Pereira de Almeida
author_facet	Ricardo Moreira Liliana S. Mendonça Luís Pereira de Almeida
author_sort	Ricardo Moreira
title	Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases
title_short	Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases
title_full	Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases
title_fullStr	Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases
title_full_unstemmed	Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases
title_sort	extracellular vesicles physiological role and the particular case of disease-spreading mechanisms in polyglutamine diseases
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a9746ba5c6a24757a36db0ba0819bcde
work_keys_str_mv	AT ricardomoreira extracellularvesiclesphysiologicalroleandtheparticularcaseofdiseasespreadingmechanismsinpolyglutaminediseases AT lilianasmendonca extracellularvesiclesphysiologicalroleandtheparticularcaseofdiseasespreadingmechanismsinpolyglutaminediseases AT luispereiradealmeida extracellularvesiclesphysiologicalroleandtheparticularcaseofdiseasespreadingmechanismsinpolyglutaminediseases
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Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases

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