Regulation of Phosphorus Supply on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Plants with Dual-Root Systems

Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient affecting nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybeans. To further investigate the relationship of phosphorus with soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation, the seedling grafting technique was applied in this study to prepare dual-root soybean systems for a sa...

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Autores principales:	Hongyu Li, Xiangxiang Wang, Quanxi Liang, Xiaochen Lyu, Sha Li, Zhenping Gong, Shoukun Dong, Chao Yan, Chunmei Ma
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	dual-root soybean phosphorus nodulation nitrogen fixation ultrastructure Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a9a2b24fa03c4c65a637409922ef0fb1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a9a2b24fa03c4c65a637409922ef0fb12021-11-25T16:12:27ZRegulation of Phosphorus Supply on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Plants with Dual-Root Systems10.3390/agronomy111123542073-4395https://doaj.org/article/a9a2b24fa03c4c65a637409922ef0fb12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2354https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient affecting nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybeans. To further investigate the relationship of phosphorus with soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation, the seedling grafting technique was applied in this study to prepare dual-root soybean systems for a sand culture experiment. From the unfolded cotyledon stage to the initial flowering stage, one side of each dual-root soybean system was irrigated with nutrient solution containing 1 mg/L, 31 mg/L, or 61 mg/L of phosphorus (phosphorus-application side), and the other side was irrigated with a phosphorus-free nutrient solution (phosphorus-free side), to study the effect of local phosphorus supply on nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybean. The results are described as follows: (1) Increasing the phosphorus supply increased the nodules weight, nitrogenase activity, ureide content, number of bacteroids, number of infected cells, and relative expression levels of nodule nitrogen fixation key genes (<i>GmEXPB2</i>, <i>GmSPX5</i>, <i>nifH</i>, <i>nifD</i>, <i>nifK</i>, <i>GmALN1, GmACP1, GmUR5, GmPUR5</i>, and <i>GmHIUH5</i>) in root nodules on the phosphorus-application side. Although the phosphorus-application and phosphorus-free sides demonstrated similar changing trends, the phosphorus-induced increases were more prominent on the phosphorus-application side, which indicated that phosphorus supply systematically regulates nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybean. (2) When the level of phosphorus supply was increased from 1 mg/L to 31 mg/L, the increase on the P– side root was significant, and nodule phosphorus content increased by 57.14–85.71% and 68.75–75.00%, respectively; ARA and SNA were 218.64–383.33% and 11.41–16.11%, respectively, while ureide content was 118.18–156.44%. When the level of phosphorus supply was increased from 31mg/L to 61mg/L, the increase in the regulation ability of root and nodule phosphorus content, ARA, SNA, and ureide content were low for roots, and the value for nodules was lower than when the phosphorus level increased from 1 mg/L to 31 mg/L. (3) A high-concentration phosphorus supply on one side of a dual-root soybean plant significantly increased the phosphorus content in the aboveground tissues, as well as the roots and nodules on both sides. In the roots on the phosphorus-free side, the nodules were prioritized for receiving the phosphorus transported from the aboveground tissues to maintain their phosphorus content and functionality.Hongyu LiXiangxiang WangQuanxi LiangXiaochen LyuSha LiZhenping GongShoukun DongChao YanChunmei MaMDPI AGarticledual-root soybeanphosphorusnodulationnitrogen fixationultrastructureAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2354, p 2354 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dual-root soybean phosphorus nodulation nitrogen fixation ultrastructure Agriculture S
spellingShingle	dual-root soybean phosphorus nodulation nitrogen fixation ultrastructure Agriculture S Hongyu Li Xiangxiang Wang Quanxi Liang Xiaochen Lyu Sha Li Zhenping Gong Shoukun Dong Chao Yan Chunmei Ma Regulation of Phosphorus Supply on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Plants with Dual-Root Systems
description	Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient affecting nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybeans. To further investigate the relationship of phosphorus with soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation, the seedling grafting technique was applied in this study to prepare dual-root soybean systems for a sand culture experiment. From the unfolded cotyledon stage to the initial flowering stage, one side of each dual-root soybean system was irrigated with nutrient solution containing 1 mg/L, 31 mg/L, or 61 mg/L of phosphorus (phosphorus-application side), and the other side was irrigated with a phosphorus-free nutrient solution (phosphorus-free side), to study the effect of local phosphorus supply on nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybean. The results are described as follows: (1) Increasing the phosphorus supply increased the nodules weight, nitrogenase activity, ureide content, number of bacteroids, number of infected cells, and relative expression levels of nodule nitrogen fixation key genes (<i>GmEXPB2</i>, <i>GmSPX5</i>, <i>nifH</i>, <i>nifD</i>, <i>nifK</i>, <i>GmALN1, GmACP1, GmUR5, GmPUR5</i>, and <i>GmHIUH5</i>) in root nodules on the phosphorus-application side. Although the phosphorus-application and phosphorus-free sides demonstrated similar changing trends, the phosphorus-induced increases were more prominent on the phosphorus-application side, which indicated that phosphorus supply systematically regulates nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybean. (2) When the level of phosphorus supply was increased from 1 mg/L to 31 mg/L, the increase on the P– side root was significant, and nodule phosphorus content increased by 57.14–85.71% and 68.75–75.00%, respectively; ARA and SNA were 218.64–383.33% and 11.41–16.11%, respectively, while ureide content was 118.18–156.44%. When the level of phosphorus supply was increased from 31mg/L to 61mg/L, the increase in the regulation ability of root and nodule phosphorus content, ARA, SNA, and ureide content were low for roots, and the value for nodules was lower than when the phosphorus level increased from 1 mg/L to 31 mg/L. (3) A high-concentration phosphorus supply on one side of a dual-root soybean plant significantly increased the phosphorus content in the aboveground tissues, as well as the roots and nodules on both sides. In the roots on the phosphorus-free side, the nodules were prioritized for receiving the phosphorus transported from the aboveground tissues to maintain their phosphorus content and functionality.
format	article
author	Hongyu Li Xiangxiang Wang Quanxi Liang Xiaochen Lyu Sha Li Zhenping Gong Shoukun Dong Chao Yan Chunmei Ma
author_facet	Hongyu Li Xiangxiang Wang Quanxi Liang Xiaochen Lyu Sha Li Zhenping Gong Shoukun Dong Chao Yan Chunmei Ma
author_sort	Hongyu Li
title	Regulation of Phosphorus Supply on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Plants with Dual-Root Systems
title_short	Regulation of Phosphorus Supply on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Plants with Dual-Root Systems
title_full	Regulation of Phosphorus Supply on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Plants with Dual-Root Systems
title_fullStr	Regulation of Phosphorus Supply on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Plants with Dual-Root Systems
title_full_unstemmed	Regulation of Phosphorus Supply on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Plants with Dual-Root Systems
title_sort	regulation of phosphorus supply on nodulation and nitrogen fixation in soybean plants with dual-root systems
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a9a2b24fa03c4c65a637409922ef0fb1
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Regulation of Phosphorus Supply on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Plants with Dual-Root Systems

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