With the Permission of Microtubules: An Updated Overview on Microtubule Function During Axon Pathfinding

During the establishment of neural circuitry axons often need to cover long distances to reach remote targets. The stereotyped navigation of these axons defines the connectivity between brain regions and cellular subtypes. This chemotrophic guidance process mostly relies on the spatio-temporal expre...

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Autores principales:	Carlos Sánchez-Huertas, Eloísa Herrera
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	microtubules microtubule-associate proteins growth cone neuronal cytoskeleton axon guidance and pathfinding +TIP Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a9b320f02fc645e0bd29689996809039
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a9b320f02fc645e0bd296899968090392021-12-02T11:19:40ZWith the Permission of Microtubules: An Updated Overview on Microtubule Function During Axon Pathfinding1662-509910.3389/fnmol.2021.759404https://doaj.org/article/a9b320f02fc645e0bd296899968090392021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.759404/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-5099During the establishment of neural circuitry axons often need to cover long distances to reach remote targets. The stereotyped navigation of these axons defines the connectivity between brain regions and cellular subtypes. This chemotrophic guidance process mostly relies on the spatio-temporal expression patterns of extracellular proteins and the selective expression of their receptors in projection neurons. Axon guidance is stimulated by guidance proteins and implemented by neuronal traction forces at the growth cones, which engage local cytoskeleton regulators and cell adhesion proteins. Different layers of guidance signaling regulation, such as the cleavage and processing of receptors, the expression of co-receptors and a wide variety of intracellular cascades downstream of receptors activation, have been progressively unveiled. Also, in the last decades, the regulation of microtubule (MT) assembly, stability and interactions with the submembranous actin network in the growth cone have emerged as crucial effector mechanisms in axon pathfinding. In this review, we will delve into the intracellular signaling cascades downstream of guidance receptors that converge on the MT cytoskeleton of the growing axon. In particular, we will focus on the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) network responsible of MT dynamics in the axon and growth cone. Complementarily, we will discuss new evidences that connect defects in MT scaffold proteins, MAPs or MT-based motors and axon misrouting during brain development.Carlos Sánchez-HuertasEloísa HerreraFrontiers Media S.A.articlemicrotubulesmicrotubule-associate proteinsgrowth coneneuronal cytoskeletonaxon guidance and pathfinding+TIPNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Vol 14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	microtubules microtubule-associate proteins growth cone neuronal cytoskeleton axon guidance and pathfinding +TIP Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	microtubules microtubule-associate proteins growth cone neuronal cytoskeleton axon guidance and pathfinding +TIP Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Carlos Sánchez-Huertas Eloísa Herrera With the Permission of Microtubules: An Updated Overview on Microtubule Function During Axon Pathfinding
description	During the establishment of neural circuitry axons often need to cover long distances to reach remote targets. The stereotyped navigation of these axons defines the connectivity between brain regions and cellular subtypes. This chemotrophic guidance process mostly relies on the spatio-temporal expression patterns of extracellular proteins and the selective expression of their receptors in projection neurons. Axon guidance is stimulated by guidance proteins and implemented by neuronal traction forces at the growth cones, which engage local cytoskeleton regulators and cell adhesion proteins. Different layers of guidance signaling regulation, such as the cleavage and processing of receptors, the expression of co-receptors and a wide variety of intracellular cascades downstream of receptors activation, have been progressively unveiled. Also, in the last decades, the regulation of microtubule (MT) assembly, stability and interactions with the submembranous actin network in the growth cone have emerged as crucial effector mechanisms in axon pathfinding. In this review, we will delve into the intracellular signaling cascades downstream of guidance receptors that converge on the MT cytoskeleton of the growing axon. In particular, we will focus on the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) network responsible of MT dynamics in the axon and growth cone. Complementarily, we will discuss new evidences that connect defects in MT scaffold proteins, MAPs or MT-based motors and axon misrouting during brain development.
format	article
author	Carlos Sánchez-Huertas Eloísa Herrera
author_facet	Carlos Sánchez-Huertas Eloísa Herrera
author_sort	Carlos Sánchez-Huertas
title	With the Permission of Microtubules: An Updated Overview on Microtubule Function During Axon Pathfinding
title_short	With the Permission of Microtubules: An Updated Overview on Microtubule Function During Axon Pathfinding
title_full	With the Permission of Microtubules: An Updated Overview on Microtubule Function During Axon Pathfinding
title_fullStr	With the Permission of Microtubules: An Updated Overview on Microtubule Function During Axon Pathfinding
title_full_unstemmed	With the Permission of Microtubules: An Updated Overview on Microtubule Function During Axon Pathfinding
title_sort	with the permission of microtubules: an updated overview on microtubule function during axon pathfinding
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a9b320f02fc645e0bd29689996809039
work_keys_str_mv	AT carlossanchezhuertas withthepermissionofmicrotubulesanupdatedoverviewonmicrotubulefunctionduringaxonpathfinding AT eloisaherrera withthepermissionofmicrotubulesanupdatedoverviewonmicrotubulefunctionduringaxonpathfinding
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With the Permission of Microtubules: An Updated Overview on Microtubule Function During Axon Pathfinding

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