Assessment of Inoculation Methods of Thielaviopsis paradoxa (De Seynes) Höhn into Oil Palm Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and Elaeis Oleifera Cortes) is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Colombia is the fourth-largest oil palm producer worldwide. However, oil palm diseases are a significant factor affecting yield. Thielavio...

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Autores principales:	Sandra Gaitán-Chaparro, Edwin Navia-Rodríguez, Hernán Mauricio Romero
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	spear leaf rot inoculation methods interspecific oil palm hybrid plant–pathogen interactions <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a9cde24ae26742be9199c3f904d98092
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a9cde24ae26742be9199c3f904d980922021-11-25T18:05:39ZAssessment of Inoculation Methods of <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> (De Seynes) Höhn into Oil Palm Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions10.3390/jof71109102309-608Xhttps://doaj.org/article/a9cde24ae26742be9199c3f904d980922021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/910https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608XOil palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq. and <i>Elaeis Oleifera</i> Cortes) is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Colombia is the fourth-largest oil palm producer worldwide. However, oil palm diseases are a significant factor affecting yield. <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> (De Seynes) Höhn is a pathogen that affects young palm trees, causing spear rot. Four disease establishment methods were studied to replicate, in a controlled environment, the symptoms of the disease found in the field. Young palm trees were inoculated with a suspension of endoconidia using either local infiltration, drip, scissor cut, or direct contact with agar blocks bearing mycelia and conidia. The effects of the inoculation methods were studied in dose-method-disease severity experiments conducted in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. All four methods resulted in <i>T. paradoxa</i> infections and the development of symptoms of the disease. The disease severity was correlated with the method and dose of inoculation. In trials to test Koch’s postulates, <i>T. paradoxa</i> was isolated from areas of disease progression in the inoculated trees, but the teleomorph <i>Ceratocystis paradoxa</i> (Dade) Moreau was not observed. A photographic record of the infection process at different times post-infection was compiled. Given that establishing the disease through artificial inoculation is essential for assessing plant pathogenesis, this study determined that the local infiltration method (1 × 10<sup>6</sup> endoconidia mL<sup>−1</sup>) and a 3–7 day incubation period were critical for the development of symptoms as severe as those observed in natural infections in the field.Sandra Gaitán-ChaparroEdwin Navia-RodríguezHernán Mauricio RomeroMDPI AGarticlespear leaf rotinoculation methodsinterspecific oil palm hybridplant–pathogen interactions<i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i>Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENJournal of Fungi, Vol 7, Iss 910, p 910 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	spear leaf rot inoculation methods interspecific oil palm hybrid plant–pathogen interactions <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	spear leaf rot inoculation methods interspecific oil palm hybrid plant–pathogen interactions <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Sandra Gaitán-Chaparro Edwin Navia-Rodríguez Hernán Mauricio Romero Assessment of Inoculation Methods of <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> (De Seynes) Höhn into Oil Palm Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions
description	Oil palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq. and <i>Elaeis Oleifera</i> Cortes) is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Colombia is the fourth-largest oil palm producer worldwide. However, oil palm diseases are a significant factor affecting yield. <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> (De Seynes) Höhn is a pathogen that affects young palm trees, causing spear rot. Four disease establishment methods were studied to replicate, in a controlled environment, the symptoms of the disease found in the field. Young palm trees were inoculated with a suspension of endoconidia using either local infiltration, drip, scissor cut, or direct contact with agar blocks bearing mycelia and conidia. The effects of the inoculation methods were studied in dose-method-disease severity experiments conducted in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. All four methods resulted in <i>T. paradoxa</i> infections and the development of symptoms of the disease. The disease severity was correlated with the method and dose of inoculation. In trials to test Koch’s postulates, <i>T. paradoxa</i> was isolated from areas of disease progression in the inoculated trees, but the teleomorph <i>Ceratocystis paradoxa</i> (Dade) Moreau was not observed. A photographic record of the infection process at different times post-infection was compiled. Given that establishing the disease through artificial inoculation is essential for assessing plant pathogenesis, this study determined that the local infiltration method (1 × 10<sup>6</sup> endoconidia mL<sup>−1</sup>) and a 3–7 day incubation period were critical for the development of symptoms as severe as those observed in natural infections in the field.
format	article
author	Sandra Gaitán-Chaparro Edwin Navia-Rodríguez Hernán Mauricio Romero
author_facet	Sandra Gaitán-Chaparro Edwin Navia-Rodríguez Hernán Mauricio Romero
author_sort	Sandra Gaitán-Chaparro
title	Assessment of Inoculation Methods of <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> (De Seynes) Höhn into Oil Palm Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions
title_short	Assessment of Inoculation Methods of <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> (De Seynes) Höhn into Oil Palm Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions
title_full	Assessment of Inoculation Methods of <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> (De Seynes) Höhn into Oil Palm Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions
title_fullStr	Assessment of Inoculation Methods of <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> (De Seynes) Höhn into Oil Palm Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment of Inoculation Methods of <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> (De Seynes) Höhn into Oil Palm Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions
title_sort	assessment of inoculation methods of <i>thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> (de seynes) höhn into oil palm seedlings under greenhouse conditions
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a9cde24ae26742be9199c3f904d98092
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Assessment of Inoculation Methods of <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i> (De Seynes) Höhn into Oil Palm Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions

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