Human-Centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicles

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) addresses developers’ needs for model interpretation, understandability, and trust. As ASVs approach wide-scale deployment, these needs are expanded to include end user interactions in real-world contexts. Despite recen...

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Autores principales:	Erik Veitch, Ole Andreas Alsos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	human-AI interaction human-centered design autonomous surface vehicles shore control center explainable AI automation transparency Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a9ee8d00e35445d38f1f3ed8dc176a57
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:a9ee8d00e35445d38f1f3ed8dc176a57
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a9ee8d00e35445d38f1f3ed8dc176a572021-11-25T18:04:32ZHuman-Centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicles10.3390/jmse91112272077-1312https://doaj.org/article/a9ee8d00e35445d38f1f3ed8dc176a572021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/11/1227https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) addresses developers’ needs for model interpretation, understandability, and trust. As ASVs approach wide-scale deployment, these needs are expanded to include end user interactions in real-world contexts. Despite recent successes of technology-centered XAI for enhancing the explainability of AI techniques to expert users, these approaches do not necessarily carry over to non-expert end users. Passengers, other vessels, and remote operators will have XAI needs distinct from those of expert users targeted in a traditional technology-centered approach. We formulate a concept called ‘human-centered XAI’ to address emerging end user interaction needs for ASVs. To structure the concept, we adopt a model-based reasoning method for concept formation consisting of three processes: analogy, visualization, and mental simulation, drawing from examples of recent ASV research at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). The examples show how current research activities point to novel ways of addressing XAI needs for distinct end user interactions and underpin the human-centered XAI approach. Findings show how representations of (1) usability, (2) trust, and (3) safety make up the main processes in human-centered XAI. The contribution is the formation of human-centered XAI to help advance the research community’s efforts to expand the agenda of interpretability, understandability, and trust to include end user ASV interactions.Erik VeitchOle Andreas AlsosMDPI AGarticlehuman-AI interactionhuman-centered designautonomous surface vehiclesshore control centerexplainable AIautomation transparencyNaval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineeringVM1-989OceanographyGC1-1581ENJournal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 9, Iss 1227, p 1227 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	human-AI interaction human-centered design autonomous surface vehicles shore control center explainable AI automation transparency Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581
spellingShingle	human-AI interaction human-centered design autonomous surface vehicles shore control center explainable AI automation transparency Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 Erik Veitch Ole Andreas Alsos Human-Centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicles
description	Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) addresses developers’ needs for model interpretation, understandability, and trust. As ASVs approach wide-scale deployment, these needs are expanded to include end user interactions in real-world contexts. Despite recent successes of technology-centered XAI for enhancing the explainability of AI techniques to expert users, these approaches do not necessarily carry over to non-expert end users. Passengers, other vessels, and remote operators will have XAI needs distinct from those of expert users targeted in a traditional technology-centered approach. We formulate a concept called ‘human-centered XAI’ to address emerging end user interaction needs for ASVs. To structure the concept, we adopt a model-based reasoning method for concept formation consisting of three processes: analogy, visualization, and mental simulation, drawing from examples of recent ASV research at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). The examples show how current research activities point to novel ways of addressing XAI needs for distinct end user interactions and underpin the human-centered XAI approach. Findings show how representations of (1) usability, (2) trust, and (3) safety make up the main processes in human-centered XAI. The contribution is the formation of human-centered XAI to help advance the research community’s efforts to expand the agenda of interpretability, understandability, and trust to include end user ASV interactions.
format	article
author	Erik Veitch Ole Andreas Alsos
author_facet	Erik Veitch Ole Andreas Alsos
author_sort	Erik Veitch
title	Human-Centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicles
title_short	Human-Centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicles
title_full	Human-Centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicles
title_fullStr	Human-Centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicles
title_full_unstemmed	Human-Centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicles
title_sort	human-centered explainable artificial intelligence for marine autonomous surface vehicles
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a9ee8d00e35445d38f1f3ed8dc176a57
work_keys_str_mv	AT erikveitch humancenteredexplainableartificialintelligenceformarineautonomoussurfacevehicles AT oleandreasalsos humancenteredexplainableartificialintelligenceformarineautonomoussurfacevehicles
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Human-Centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Marine Autonomous Surface Vehicles

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