Patterns of Suicide in the Context of COVID-19: Evidence From Three Australian States

Aims: We aimed to determine whether there has been a change in the number of suicides occurring in three Australian states overall, and in age and sex subgroups, since the COVID-19 pandemic began, and to see if certain risk factors for suicide have become more prominent as likely underlying contribu...

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Autores principales:	Angela Clapperton, Matthew John Spittal, Jeremy Dwyer, Andrew Garrett, Kairi Kõlves, Stuart Leske, Ciara Millar, Bronwen Edwards, Victor Stojcevski, David Robert Crompton, Jane Pirkis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	mental health suicide COVID-19 epidemiology risk factors Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa150e85e27042f09358eb86de1397e4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa150e85e27042f09358eb86de1397e42021-12-01T18:25:22ZPatterns of Suicide in the Context of COVID-19: Evidence From Three Australian States1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.797601https://doaj.org/article/aa150e85e27042f09358eb86de1397e42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.797601/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Aims: We aimed to determine whether there has been a change in the number of suicides occurring in three Australian states overall, and in age and sex subgroups, since the COVID-19 pandemic began, and to see if certain risk factors for suicide have become more prominent as likely underlying contributing factors for suicide.Method: Using real-time data from three state-based suicide registers, we ran multiple unadjusted and adjusted interrupted time series analyses to see if trends in monthly suicide counts changed after the pandemic began and whether there had been an increase in suicides where relationship breakdown, financial stressors, unemployment and homelessness were recorded.Results: Compared with the period before COVID-19, during the COVID-19 period there was no change in the number of suicides overall, or in any stratum-specific estimates except one. The exception was an increase in the number of young males who died by suicide in the COVID-19 period (adjusted RR 1.89 [95% CI 1.11–3.23]).The unadjusted analysis showed significant differences in suicide in the context of unemployment and relationship breakdown during the COVID-19 compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. Analysis showed an increase in the number of suicides occurring in the context of unemployment in the COVID-19 period (unadjusted RR 1.53 [95% CI 1.18–1.96]). In contrast, there was a decrease in the number of suicides occurring in the context of relationship breakdown in the COVID-19 period (unadjusted RR 0.82 [95% CI 0.67–0.99]). However, no significant changes were identified when the models were adjusted for possible over-dispersion, seasonality and non-linear trend.Conclusion: Although our analysis found no evidence of an overall increase in suicides after the pandemic began, the picture is complex. The identified increase in suicide in young men indicates that the impact of the pandemic is likely unevenly distributed across populations. The increase in suicides in the context of unemployment reinforces the vital need for mitigation measures during COVID-19, and for ongoing monitoring of suicide as the pandemic continues.Angela ClappertonMatthew John SpittalJeremy DwyerAndrew GarrettKairi KõlvesStuart LeskeCiara MillarBronwen EdwardsVictor StojcevskiDavid Robert CromptonJane PirkisFrontiers Media S.A.articlemental healthsuicideCOVID-19epidemiologyrisk factorsPsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mental health suicide COVID-19 epidemiology risk factors Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	mental health suicide COVID-19 epidemiology risk factors Psychiatry RC435-571 Angela Clapperton Matthew John Spittal Jeremy Dwyer Andrew Garrett Kairi Kõlves Stuart Leske Ciara Millar Bronwen Edwards Victor Stojcevski David Robert Crompton Jane Pirkis Patterns of Suicide in the Context of COVID-19: Evidence From Three Australian States
description	Aims: We aimed to determine whether there has been a change in the number of suicides occurring in three Australian states overall, and in age and sex subgroups, since the COVID-19 pandemic began, and to see if certain risk factors for suicide have become more prominent as likely underlying contributing factors for suicide.Method: Using real-time data from three state-based suicide registers, we ran multiple unadjusted and adjusted interrupted time series analyses to see if trends in monthly suicide counts changed after the pandemic began and whether there had been an increase in suicides where relationship breakdown, financial stressors, unemployment and homelessness were recorded.Results: Compared with the period before COVID-19, during the COVID-19 period there was no change in the number of suicides overall, or in any stratum-specific estimates except one. The exception was an increase in the number of young males who died by suicide in the COVID-19 period (adjusted RR 1.89 [95% CI 1.11–3.23]).The unadjusted analysis showed significant differences in suicide in the context of unemployment and relationship breakdown during the COVID-19 compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. Analysis showed an increase in the number of suicides occurring in the context of unemployment in the COVID-19 period (unadjusted RR 1.53 [95% CI 1.18–1.96]). In contrast, there was a decrease in the number of suicides occurring in the context of relationship breakdown in the COVID-19 period (unadjusted RR 0.82 [95% CI 0.67–0.99]). However, no significant changes were identified when the models were adjusted for possible over-dispersion, seasonality and non-linear trend.Conclusion: Although our analysis found no evidence of an overall increase in suicides after the pandemic began, the picture is complex. The identified increase in suicide in young men indicates that the impact of the pandemic is likely unevenly distributed across populations. The increase in suicides in the context of unemployment reinforces the vital need for mitigation measures during COVID-19, and for ongoing monitoring of suicide as the pandemic continues.
format	article
author	Angela Clapperton Matthew John Spittal Jeremy Dwyer Andrew Garrett Kairi Kõlves Stuart Leske Ciara Millar Bronwen Edwards Victor Stojcevski David Robert Crompton Jane Pirkis
author_facet	Angela Clapperton Matthew John Spittal Jeremy Dwyer Andrew Garrett Kairi Kõlves Stuart Leske Ciara Millar Bronwen Edwards Victor Stojcevski David Robert Crompton Jane Pirkis
author_sort	Angela Clapperton
title	Patterns of Suicide in the Context of COVID-19: Evidence From Three Australian States
title_short	Patterns of Suicide in the Context of COVID-19: Evidence From Three Australian States
title_full	Patterns of Suicide in the Context of COVID-19: Evidence From Three Australian States
title_fullStr	Patterns of Suicide in the Context of COVID-19: Evidence From Three Australian States
title_full_unstemmed	Patterns of Suicide in the Context of COVID-19: Evidence From Three Australian States
title_sort	patterns of suicide in the context of covid-19: evidence from three australian states
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa150e85e27042f09358eb86de1397e4
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Patterns of Suicide in the Context of COVID-19: Evidence From Three Australian States

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