Intermittent meromixis controls the trophic state of warming deep lakes

Abstract Vertical mixing modulates nutrient dynamics in lakes. However, surface warming reduces the range of vertical mixing and the probability of full circulation events. Important consequences of reduced vertical mixing include the sequestration of phosphorus (P) within a stagnant zone and the pr...

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Autores principales:	Maximilian P. Lau, Giulia Valerio, Marco Pilotti, Michael Hupfer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa18b379afa247ea85cbfe1fc00c075f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa18b379afa247ea85cbfe1fc00c075f2021-12-02T16:06:39ZIntermittent meromixis controls the trophic state of warming deep lakes10.1038/s41598-020-69721-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/aa18b379afa247ea85cbfe1fc00c075f2020-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69721-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Vertical mixing modulates nutrient dynamics in lakes. However, surface warming reduces the range of vertical mixing and the probability of full circulation events. Important consequences of reduced vertical mixing include the sequestration of phosphorus (P) within a stagnant zone and the promotion of oligotrophication. Nevertheless, warming-induced shifts from full to partial mixing (meromixis) are not permanent and are partially reversible during exceptionally cold or windy winters. In this study, we investigated how intermittent meromixis affects lake P budgets. We examined the P cycle of a perialpine lake with variable mixing depths by pairing sedimentation and release flux measurements with sedimentary archives. We found that the amount of dissolved P surpassed that of the potentially mobile P in the sediments by a 13:1 ratio. At least 55% of the settled P was rapidly released to bottom waters isolated from flushing, illustrating the general biogeochemical mechanism that promotes deep-water P storage when lakes undergo warming. This storage process is abruptly inverted when meromixis suddenly retreats, deeper mixing introduces P pulses to the surface waters, thereby promoting phytoplankton proliferation. Our estimates showed that lakes containing up to 40% of the global freshwater volume could shift towards intermittent meromixis if the atmospheric warming trend continues. Thus, these lakes might accumulate 0–83% of their P load in irregularly circulating waters and are prone to large P pulses.Maximilian P. LauGiulia ValerioMarco PilottiMichael HupferNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Maximilian P. Lau Giulia Valerio Marco Pilotti Michael Hupfer Intermittent meromixis controls the trophic state of warming deep lakes
description	Abstract Vertical mixing modulates nutrient dynamics in lakes. However, surface warming reduces the range of vertical mixing and the probability of full circulation events. Important consequences of reduced vertical mixing include the sequestration of phosphorus (P) within a stagnant zone and the promotion of oligotrophication. Nevertheless, warming-induced shifts from full to partial mixing (meromixis) are not permanent and are partially reversible during exceptionally cold or windy winters. In this study, we investigated how intermittent meromixis affects lake P budgets. We examined the P cycle of a perialpine lake with variable mixing depths by pairing sedimentation and release flux measurements with sedimentary archives. We found that the amount of dissolved P surpassed that of the potentially mobile P in the sediments by a 13:1 ratio. At least 55% of the settled P was rapidly released to bottom waters isolated from flushing, illustrating the general biogeochemical mechanism that promotes deep-water P storage when lakes undergo warming. This storage process is abruptly inverted when meromixis suddenly retreats, deeper mixing introduces P pulses to the surface waters, thereby promoting phytoplankton proliferation. Our estimates showed that lakes containing up to 40% of the global freshwater volume could shift towards intermittent meromixis if the atmospheric warming trend continues. Thus, these lakes might accumulate 0–83% of their P load in irregularly circulating waters and are prone to large P pulses.
format	article
author	Maximilian P. Lau Giulia Valerio Marco Pilotti Michael Hupfer
author_facet	Maximilian P. Lau Giulia Valerio Marco Pilotti Michael Hupfer
author_sort	Maximilian P. Lau
title	Intermittent meromixis controls the trophic state of warming deep lakes
title_short	Intermittent meromixis controls the trophic state of warming deep lakes
title_full	Intermittent meromixis controls the trophic state of warming deep lakes
title_fullStr	Intermittent meromixis controls the trophic state of warming deep lakes
title_full_unstemmed	Intermittent meromixis controls the trophic state of warming deep lakes
title_sort	intermittent meromixis controls the trophic state of warming deep lakes
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa18b379afa247ea85cbfe1fc00c075f
work_keys_str_mv	AT maximilianplau intermittentmeromixiscontrolsthetrophicstateofwarmingdeeplakes AT giuliavalerio intermittentmeromixiscontrolsthetrophicstateofwarmingdeeplakes AT marcopilotti intermittentmeromixiscontrolsthetrophicstateofwarmingdeeplakes AT michaelhupfer intermittentmeromixiscontrolsthetrophicstateofwarmingdeeplakes
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Intermittent meromixis controls the trophic state of warming deep lakes

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