Prevalence and causes of prescribing errors: the PRescribing Outcomes for Trainee Doctors Engaged in Clinical Training (PROTECT) study.

<h4>Objectives</h4>Study objectives were to investigate the prevalence and causes of prescribing errors amongst foundation doctors (i.e. junior doctors in their first (F1) or second (F2) year of post-graduate training), describe their knowledge and experience of prescribing errors, and e...

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Autores principales:	Cristín Ryan, Sarah Ross, Peter Davey, Eilidh M Duncan, Jill J Francis, Shona Fielding, Marie Johnston, Jean Ker, Amanda Jane Lee, Mary Joan MacLeod, Simon Maxwell, Gerard A McKay, James S McLay, David J Webb, Christine Bond
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa1a0c9ffe404b5ea73a7f4829d5da12
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa1a0c9ffe404b5ea73a7f4829d5da122021-11-18T08:39:02ZPrevalence and causes of prescribing errors: the PRescribing Outcomes for Trainee Doctors Engaged in Clinical Training (PROTECT) study.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0079802https://doaj.org/article/aa1a0c9ffe404b5ea73a7f4829d5da122014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24404122/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objectives</h4>Study objectives were to investigate the prevalence and causes of prescribing errors amongst foundation doctors (i.e. junior doctors in their first (F1) or second (F2) year of post-graduate training), describe their knowledge and experience of prescribing errors, and explore their self-efficacy (i.e. confidence) in prescribing.<h4>Method</h4>A three-part mixed-methods design was used, comprising: prospective observational study; semi-structured interviews and cross-sectional survey. All doctors prescribing in eight purposively selected hospitals in Scotland participated. All foundation doctors throughout Scotland participated in the survey. The number of prescribing errors per patient, doctor, ward and hospital, perceived causes of errors and a measure of doctors' self-efficacy were established.<h4>Results</h4>4710 patient charts and 44,726 prescribed medicines were reviewed. There were 3364 errors, affecting 1700 (36.1%) charts (overall error rate: 7.5%; F1:7.4%; F2:8.6%; consultants:6.3%). Higher error rates were associated with : teaching hospitals (p<0.001), surgical (p = <0.001) or mixed wards (0.008) rather thanmedical ward, higher patient turnover wards (p<0.001), a greater number of prescribed medicines (p<0.001) and the months December and June (p<0.001). One hundred errors were discussed in 40 interviews. Error causation was multi-factorial; work environment and team factors were particularly noted. Of 548 completed questionnaires (national response rate of 35.4%), 508 (92.7% of respondents) reported errors, most of which (328 (64.6%) did not reach the patient. Pressure from other staff, workload and interruptions were cited as the main causes of errors. Foundation year 2 doctors reported greater confidence than year 1 doctors in deciding the most appropriate medication regimen.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Prescribing errors are frequent and of complex causation. Foundation doctors made more errors than other doctors, but undertook the majority of prescribing, making them a key target for intervention. Contributing causes included work environment, team, task, individual and patient factors. Further work is needed to develop and assess interventions that address these.Cristín RyanSarah RossPeter DaveyEilidh M DuncanJill J FrancisShona FieldingMarie JohnstonJean KerAmanda Jane LeeMary Joan MacLeodSimon MaxwellGerard A McKayJames S McLayDavid J WebbChristine BondPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 1, p e79802 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Cristín Ryan Sarah Ross Peter Davey Eilidh M Duncan Jill J Francis Shona Fielding Marie Johnston Jean Ker Amanda Jane Lee Mary Joan MacLeod Simon Maxwell Gerard A McKay James S McLay David J Webb Christine Bond Prevalence and causes of prescribing errors: the PRescribing Outcomes for Trainee Doctors Engaged in Clinical Training (PROTECT) study.
description	<h4>Objectives</h4>Study objectives were to investigate the prevalence and causes of prescribing errors amongst foundation doctors (i.e. junior doctors in their first (F1) or second (F2) year of post-graduate training), describe their knowledge and experience of prescribing errors, and explore their self-efficacy (i.e. confidence) in prescribing.<h4>Method</h4>A three-part mixed-methods design was used, comprising: prospective observational study; semi-structured interviews and cross-sectional survey. All doctors prescribing in eight purposively selected hospitals in Scotland participated. All foundation doctors throughout Scotland participated in the survey. The number of prescribing errors per patient, doctor, ward and hospital, perceived causes of errors and a measure of doctors' self-efficacy were established.<h4>Results</h4>4710 patient charts and 44,726 prescribed medicines were reviewed. There were 3364 errors, affecting 1700 (36.1%) charts (overall error rate: 7.5%; F1:7.4%; F2:8.6%; consultants:6.3%). Higher error rates were associated with : teaching hospitals (p<0.001), surgical (p = <0.001) or mixed wards (0.008) rather thanmedical ward, higher patient turnover wards (p<0.001), a greater number of prescribed medicines (p<0.001) and the months December and June (p<0.001). One hundred errors were discussed in 40 interviews. Error causation was multi-factorial; work environment and team factors were particularly noted. Of 548 completed questionnaires (national response rate of 35.4%), 508 (92.7% of respondents) reported errors, most of which (328 (64.6%) did not reach the patient. Pressure from other staff, workload and interruptions were cited as the main causes of errors. Foundation year 2 doctors reported greater confidence than year 1 doctors in deciding the most appropriate medication regimen.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Prescribing errors are frequent and of complex causation. Foundation doctors made more errors than other doctors, but undertook the majority of prescribing, making them a key target for intervention. Contributing causes included work environment, team, task, individual and patient factors. Further work is needed to develop and assess interventions that address these.
format	article
author	Cristín Ryan Sarah Ross Peter Davey Eilidh M Duncan Jill J Francis Shona Fielding Marie Johnston Jean Ker Amanda Jane Lee Mary Joan MacLeod Simon Maxwell Gerard A McKay James S McLay David J Webb Christine Bond
author_facet	Cristín Ryan Sarah Ross Peter Davey Eilidh M Duncan Jill J Francis Shona Fielding Marie Johnston Jean Ker Amanda Jane Lee Mary Joan MacLeod Simon Maxwell Gerard A McKay James S McLay David J Webb Christine Bond
author_sort	Cristín Ryan
title	Prevalence and causes of prescribing errors: the PRescribing Outcomes for Trainee Doctors Engaged in Clinical Training (PROTECT) study.
title_short	Prevalence and causes of prescribing errors: the PRescribing Outcomes for Trainee Doctors Engaged in Clinical Training (PROTECT) study.
title_full	Prevalence and causes of prescribing errors: the PRescribing Outcomes for Trainee Doctors Engaged in Clinical Training (PROTECT) study.
title_fullStr	Prevalence and causes of prescribing errors: the PRescribing Outcomes for Trainee Doctors Engaged in Clinical Training (PROTECT) study.
title_full_unstemmed	Prevalence and causes of prescribing errors: the PRescribing Outcomes for Trainee Doctors Engaged in Clinical Training (PROTECT) study.
title_sort	prevalence and causes of prescribing errors: the prescribing outcomes for trainee doctors engaged in clinical training (protect) study.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa1a0c9ffe404b5ea73a7f4829d5da12
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Prevalence and causes of prescribing errors: the PRescribing Outcomes for Trainee Doctors Engaged in Clinical Training (PROTECT) study.

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