Salicylate or Phthalate: The Main Intermediates in the Bacterial Degradation of Naphthalene

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely presented in the environment and pose a serious environmental threat due to their toxicity. Among PAHs, naphthalene is the simplest compound. Nevertheless, due to its high toxicity and presence in the waste of chemical and oil processing industries,...

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Autores principales:	Vasili M. Travkin, Inna P. Solyanikova
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	naphthalene degradation biodegradation pathway salicylate phthalate genes Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa1d7035da994f04bce7458401421730
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa1d7035da994f04bce74584014217302021-11-25T18:49:52ZSalicylate or Phthalate: The Main Intermediates in the Bacterial Degradation of Naphthalene10.3390/pr91118622227-9717https://doaj.org/article/aa1d7035da994f04bce74584014217302021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/11/1862https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9717Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely presented in the environment and pose a serious environmental threat due to their toxicity. Among PAHs, naphthalene is the simplest compound. Nevertheless, due to its high toxicity and presence in the waste of chemical and oil processing industries, naphthalene is one of the most critical pollutants. Similar to other PAHs, naphthalene is released into the environment via the incomplete combustion of organic compounds, pyrolysis, oil spills, oil processing, household waste disposal, and use of fumigants and deodorants. One of the main ways to detoxify such compounds in the natural environment is through their microbial degradation. For the first time, the pathway of naphthalene degradation was investigated in pseudomonades. The salicylate was found to be a key intermediate. For some time, this pathway was considered the main, if not the only one, in the bacterial destruction of naphthalene. However, later, data emerged which indicated that gram-positive bacteria in the overwhelming majority of cases are not capable of the formation/destruction of salicylate. The obtained data made it possible to reveal that protocatechoate, phthalate, and cinnamic acids are predominant intermediates in the destruction of naphthalene by rhodococci. Pathways of naphthalene degradation, the key enzymes, and genetic regulation are the main subjects of the present review, representing an attempt to summarize the current knowledge about the mechanism of the microbial degradation of PAHs. Modern molecular methods are also discussed in the context of the development of “omics” approaches, namely genomic, metabolomic, and proteomic, used as tools for studying the mechanisms of microbial biodegradation. Lastly, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of the formation of specific ecosystems is also provided.Vasili M. TravkinInna P. SolyanikovaMDPI AGarticlenaphthalenedegradationbiodegradation pathwaysalicylatephthalategenesChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENProcesses, Vol 9, Iss 1862, p 1862 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	naphthalene degradation biodegradation pathway salicylate phthalate genes Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	naphthalene degradation biodegradation pathway salicylate phthalate genes Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Vasili M. Travkin Inna P. Solyanikova Salicylate or Phthalate: The Main Intermediates in the Bacterial Degradation of Naphthalene
description	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely presented in the environment and pose a serious environmental threat due to their toxicity. Among PAHs, naphthalene is the simplest compound. Nevertheless, due to its high toxicity and presence in the waste of chemical and oil processing industries, naphthalene is one of the most critical pollutants. Similar to other PAHs, naphthalene is released into the environment via the incomplete combustion of organic compounds, pyrolysis, oil spills, oil processing, household waste disposal, and use of fumigants and deodorants. One of the main ways to detoxify such compounds in the natural environment is through their microbial degradation. For the first time, the pathway of naphthalene degradation was investigated in pseudomonades. The salicylate was found to be a key intermediate. For some time, this pathway was considered the main, if not the only one, in the bacterial destruction of naphthalene. However, later, data emerged which indicated that gram-positive bacteria in the overwhelming majority of cases are not capable of the formation/destruction of salicylate. The obtained data made it possible to reveal that protocatechoate, phthalate, and cinnamic acids are predominant intermediates in the destruction of naphthalene by rhodococci. Pathways of naphthalene degradation, the key enzymes, and genetic regulation are the main subjects of the present review, representing an attempt to summarize the current knowledge about the mechanism of the microbial degradation of PAHs. Modern molecular methods are also discussed in the context of the development of “omics” approaches, namely genomic, metabolomic, and proteomic, used as tools for studying the mechanisms of microbial biodegradation. Lastly, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of the formation of specific ecosystems is also provided.
format	article
author	Vasili M. Travkin Inna P. Solyanikova
author_facet	Vasili M. Travkin Inna P. Solyanikova
author_sort	Vasili M. Travkin
title	Salicylate or Phthalate: The Main Intermediates in the Bacterial Degradation of Naphthalene
title_short	Salicylate or Phthalate: The Main Intermediates in the Bacterial Degradation of Naphthalene
title_full	Salicylate or Phthalate: The Main Intermediates in the Bacterial Degradation of Naphthalene
title_fullStr	Salicylate or Phthalate: The Main Intermediates in the Bacterial Degradation of Naphthalene
title_full_unstemmed	Salicylate or Phthalate: The Main Intermediates in the Bacterial Degradation of Naphthalene
title_sort	salicylate or phthalate: the main intermediates in the bacterial degradation of naphthalene
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa1d7035da994f04bce7458401421730
work_keys_str_mv	AT vasilimtravkin salicylateorphthalatethemainintermediatesinthebacterialdegradationofnaphthalene AT innapsolyanikova salicylateorphthalatethemainintermediatesinthebacterialdegradationofnaphthalene
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Salicylate or Phthalate: The Main Intermediates in the Bacterial Degradation of Naphthalene

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