Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Syzygium formosum</i> (Wall.) Masam Leaf and Its Biological Activities

<i>Syzygium formosum</i> (SF) leaves have long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of skin-related diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. To understand the underpinning pharmacological mechanism of skin relief functionality, the quantitative profile of phytoche...

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Autores principales:	Khanh Hong Thi Hoang, Jaeyoon Lim, My Tuyen Thi Nguyen, Nan-Young Lee, Chang-Kyu Lee, Van Dao Nguyen, Hye-Lynn Kim, Jong-Tae Park, Jaehan Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Syzygium formosum</i> phytochemicals triterpenoids phenolic compounds anti-inflammation antibacterial activity Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa20ccc9bc944ace8659b4ae60887240
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa20ccc9bc944ace8659b4ae608872402021-11-25T16:31:19ZComparative Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Syzygium formosum</i> (Wall.) Masam Leaf and Its Biological Activities10.3390/app1122105522076-3417https://doaj.org/article/aa20ccc9bc944ace8659b4ae608872402021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10552https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417<i>Syzygium formosum</i> (SF) leaves have long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of skin-related diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. To understand the underpinning pharmacological mechanism of skin relief functionality, the quantitative profile of phytochemicals in the leaf extract has been performed. Twenty phytochemical components including eight flavonoids, three phenolic acids, and nine triterpenoids were identified and quantitatively analyzed from the SF leaves. The dominant flavonoids of the SF leaves were found to be catechin and myricetin-3-<i>O</i>-rhamnoside. Gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid. Among triterpenoids, asiatic acid, corosolic acid, and betulinic acid exhibited a high concentration ranging 2.78–8.59, 3.19–3.91, and 3.58–6.14 mg/g dry leaf, respectively. The total triterpenoid contents were 14.18–19.00 mg/g dry leaf which were 3-fold higher than those in the Indonesian <i>Centella asiatica</i> leaves. In human keratinocytes assay, industrial scale extract of SF significantly reduced expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, that SF extract exhibited very strong antibacterial activity on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> that possibly induce serious skin problems. Our results proved that <i>S. formosum</i> leaf extract with high content of biologically active compounds could be a superior bioactive ingredient in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.Khanh Hong Thi HoangJaeyoon LimMy Tuyen Thi NguyenNan-Young LeeChang-Kyu LeeVan Dao NguyenHye-Lynn KimJong-Tae ParkJaehan KimMDPI AGarticle<i>Syzygium formosum</i>phytochemicalstriterpenoidsphenolic compoundsanti-inflammationantibacterial activityTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10552, p 10552 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Syzygium formosum</i> phytochemicals triterpenoids phenolic compounds anti-inflammation antibacterial activity Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	<i>Syzygium formosum</i> phytochemicals triterpenoids phenolic compounds anti-inflammation antibacterial activity Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Khanh Hong Thi Hoang Jaeyoon Lim My Tuyen Thi Nguyen Nan-Young Lee Chang-Kyu Lee Van Dao Nguyen Hye-Lynn Kim Jong-Tae Park Jaehan Kim Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Syzygium formosum</i> (Wall.) Masam Leaf and Its Biological Activities
description	<i>Syzygium formosum</i> (SF) leaves have long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of skin-related diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. To understand the underpinning pharmacological mechanism of skin relief functionality, the quantitative profile of phytochemicals in the leaf extract has been performed. Twenty phytochemical components including eight flavonoids, three phenolic acids, and nine triterpenoids were identified and quantitatively analyzed from the SF leaves. The dominant flavonoids of the SF leaves were found to be catechin and myricetin-3-<i>O</i>-rhamnoside. Gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid. Among triterpenoids, asiatic acid, corosolic acid, and betulinic acid exhibited a high concentration ranging 2.78–8.59, 3.19–3.91, and 3.58–6.14 mg/g dry leaf, respectively. The total triterpenoid contents were 14.18–19.00 mg/g dry leaf which were 3-fold higher than those in the Indonesian <i>Centella asiatica</i> leaves. In human keratinocytes assay, industrial scale extract of SF significantly reduced expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, that SF extract exhibited very strong antibacterial activity on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> that possibly induce serious skin problems. Our results proved that <i>S. formosum</i> leaf extract with high content of biologically active compounds could be a superior bioactive ingredient in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
format	article
author	Khanh Hong Thi Hoang Jaeyoon Lim My Tuyen Thi Nguyen Nan-Young Lee Chang-Kyu Lee Van Dao Nguyen Hye-Lynn Kim Jong-Tae Park Jaehan Kim
author_facet	Khanh Hong Thi Hoang Jaeyoon Lim My Tuyen Thi Nguyen Nan-Young Lee Chang-Kyu Lee Van Dao Nguyen Hye-Lynn Kim Jong-Tae Park Jaehan Kim
author_sort	Khanh Hong Thi Hoang
title	Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Syzygium formosum</i> (Wall.) Masam Leaf and Its Biological Activities
title_short	Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Syzygium formosum</i> (Wall.) Masam Leaf and Its Biological Activities
title_full	Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Syzygium formosum</i> (Wall.) Masam Leaf and Its Biological Activities
title_fullStr	Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Syzygium formosum</i> (Wall.) Masam Leaf and Its Biological Activities
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Syzygium formosum</i> (Wall.) Masam Leaf and Its Biological Activities
title_sort	comparative phytochemical analysis of <i>syzygium formosum</i> (wall.) masam leaf and its biological activities
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa20ccc9bc944ace8659b4ae60887240
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Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Syzygium formosum</i> (Wall.) Masam Leaf and Its Biological Activities

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