Bacterial Abundance, Diversity and Activity During Long-Term Colonization of Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Plastics in Seawater

The microorganisms living on plastics called “plastisphere” have been classically described as very abundant, highly diverse, and very specific when compared to the surrounding environments, but their potential ability to biodegrade various plastic types in natural conditions have been poorly invest...

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Autores principales:	Charlene Odobel, Claire Dussud, Lena Philip, Gabrielle Derippe, Marion Lauters, Boris Eyheraguibel, Gaëtan Burgaud, Alexandra Ter Halle, Anne-Leila Meistertzheim, Stephane Bruzaud, Valerie Barbe, Jean-Francois Ghiglione
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	microbial ecotoxicology plastisphere biofouling biofilm plastic pollution Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa2334db1807495ab425cb30545d3052
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa2334db1807495ab425cb30545d30522021-11-18T08:47:44ZBacterial Abundance, Diversity and Activity During Long-Term Colonization of Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Plastics in Seawater1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.734782https://doaj.org/article/aa2334db1807495ab425cb30545d30522021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.734782/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XThe microorganisms living on plastics called “plastisphere” have been classically described as very abundant, highly diverse, and very specific when compared to the surrounding environments, but their potential ability to biodegrade various plastic types in natural conditions have been poorly investigated. Here, we follow the successive phases of biofilm development and maturation after long-term immersion in seawater (7 months) on conventional [fossil-based polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS)] and biodegradable plastics [biobased polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV), or fossil-based polycaprolactone (PCL)], as well as on artificially aged or non-aged PE without or with prooxidant additives [oxobiodegradable (OXO)]. First, we confirmed that the classical primo-colonization and growth phases of the biofilms that occurred during the first 10 days of immersion in seawater were more or less independent of the plastic type. After only 1 month, we found congruent signs of biodegradation for some bio-based and also fossil-based materials. A continuous growth of the biofilm during the 7 months of observation (measured by epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry) was found on PHBV, PCL, and artificially aged OXO, together with a continuous increase in intracellular (3H-leucine incorporation) and extracellular activities (lipase, aminopeptidase, and β-glucosidase) as well as subsequent changes in biofilm diversity that became specific to each polymer type (16S rRNA metabarcoding). No sign of biodegradation was visible for PE, PS, and PLA under our experimental conditions. We also provide a list of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) potentially involved in the biodegradation of these polymers under natural seawater conditions, such as Pseudohongiella sp. and Marinobacter sp. on PCL, Marinicella litoralis and Celeribacter sp. on PHBV, or Myxococcales on artificially aged OXO. This study opens new routes for a deeper understanding of the polymers’ biodegradability in seawaters, especially when considering an alternative to conventional fossil-based plastics.Charlene OdobelClaire DussudLena PhilipLena PhilipGabrielle DerippeMarion LautersBoris EyheraguibelGaëtan BurgaudAlexandra Ter HalleAnne-Leila MeistertzheimStephane BruzaudValerie BarbeJean-Francois GhiglioneFrontiers Media S.A.articlemicrobial ecotoxicologyplastispherebiofoulingbiofilmplastic pollutionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	microbial ecotoxicology plastisphere biofouling biofilm plastic pollution Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	microbial ecotoxicology plastisphere biofouling biofilm plastic pollution Microbiology QR1-502 Charlene Odobel Claire Dussud Lena Philip Lena Philip Gabrielle Derippe Marion Lauters Boris Eyheraguibel Gaëtan Burgaud Alexandra Ter Halle Anne-Leila Meistertzheim Stephane Bruzaud Valerie Barbe Jean-Francois Ghiglione Bacterial Abundance, Diversity and Activity During Long-Term Colonization of Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Plastics in Seawater
description	The microorganisms living on plastics called “plastisphere” have been classically described as very abundant, highly diverse, and very specific when compared to the surrounding environments, but their potential ability to biodegrade various plastic types in natural conditions have been poorly investigated. Here, we follow the successive phases of biofilm development and maturation after long-term immersion in seawater (7 months) on conventional [fossil-based polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS)] and biodegradable plastics [biobased polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV), or fossil-based polycaprolactone (PCL)], as well as on artificially aged or non-aged PE without or with prooxidant additives [oxobiodegradable (OXO)]. First, we confirmed that the classical primo-colonization and growth phases of the biofilms that occurred during the first 10 days of immersion in seawater were more or less independent of the plastic type. After only 1 month, we found congruent signs of biodegradation for some bio-based and also fossil-based materials. A continuous growth of the biofilm during the 7 months of observation (measured by epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry) was found on PHBV, PCL, and artificially aged OXO, together with a continuous increase in intracellular (3H-leucine incorporation) and extracellular activities (lipase, aminopeptidase, and β-glucosidase) as well as subsequent changes in biofilm diversity that became specific to each polymer type (16S rRNA metabarcoding). No sign of biodegradation was visible for PE, PS, and PLA under our experimental conditions. We also provide a list of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) potentially involved in the biodegradation of these polymers under natural seawater conditions, such as Pseudohongiella sp. and Marinobacter sp. on PCL, Marinicella litoralis and Celeribacter sp. on PHBV, or Myxococcales on artificially aged OXO. This study opens new routes for a deeper understanding of the polymers’ biodegradability in seawaters, especially when considering an alternative to conventional fossil-based plastics.
format	article
author	Charlene Odobel Claire Dussud Lena Philip Lena Philip Gabrielle Derippe Marion Lauters Boris Eyheraguibel Gaëtan Burgaud Alexandra Ter Halle Anne-Leila Meistertzheim Stephane Bruzaud Valerie Barbe Jean-Francois Ghiglione
author_facet	Charlene Odobel Claire Dussud Lena Philip Lena Philip Gabrielle Derippe Marion Lauters Boris Eyheraguibel Gaëtan Burgaud Alexandra Ter Halle Anne-Leila Meistertzheim Stephane Bruzaud Valerie Barbe Jean-Francois Ghiglione
author_sort	Charlene Odobel
title	Bacterial Abundance, Diversity and Activity During Long-Term Colonization of Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Plastics in Seawater
title_short	Bacterial Abundance, Diversity and Activity During Long-Term Colonization of Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Plastics in Seawater
title_full	Bacterial Abundance, Diversity and Activity During Long-Term Colonization of Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Plastics in Seawater
title_fullStr	Bacterial Abundance, Diversity and Activity During Long-Term Colonization of Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Plastics in Seawater
title_full_unstemmed	Bacterial Abundance, Diversity and Activity During Long-Term Colonization of Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Plastics in Seawater
title_sort	bacterial abundance, diversity and activity during long-term colonization of non-biodegradable and biodegradable plastics in seawater
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa2334db1807495ab425cb30545d3052
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Bacterial Abundance, Diversity and Activity During Long-Term Colonization of Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Plastics in Seawater

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