Targeting the duality of cancer

Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and is an increasing cause of death in the developing world. While there is great heterogeneity in the anatomic site and mutations involved in human cancer, there are common features, including immortal growth, angiogenesis,...

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Autores principales:	Jack L. Arbiser, Michael Y. Bonner, Linda C. Gilbert
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa257aec20b44654ad250b9c80ab252b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa257aec20b44654ad250b9c80ab252b2021-12-02T14:22:14ZTargeting the duality of cancer10.1038/s41698-017-0026-x2397-768Xhttps://doaj.org/article/aa257aec20b44654ad250b9c80ab252b2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-017-0026-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2397-768XAbstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and is an increasing cause of death in the developing world. While there is great heterogeneity in the anatomic site and mutations involved in human cancer, there are common features, including immortal growth, angiogenesis, apoptosis evasion, and other features, that are common to most if not all cancers. However, new features of human cancers have been found as a result of clinical use of novel “targeted therapies,” angiogenesis inhibitors, and immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors. These findings indicate that cancer is a moving target, which can change signaling and metabolic features based upon the therapies offered. It is well-known that there is significant heterogeneity within a tumor and it is possible that treatment might reduce the heterogeneity as a tumor adapts to therapy and, thus, a tumor might be synchronized, even if there is no major clinical response. Understanding this concept is important, as concurrent and sequential therapies might lead to improved tumor responses and cures. We posit that the repertoire of tumor responses is both predictable and limited, thus giving hope that eventually we can be more effective against solid tumors. Currently, among solid tumors, we observe a response of 1/3 of tumors to immunotherapy, perhaps less to angiogenesis inhibition, a varied response to targeted therapies, with relapse and resistance being the rule, and a large fraction being insensitive to all of these therapies, thus requiring the older therapies of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Tumor phenotypes can be seen as a continuum between binary extremes, which will be discussed further. The biology of cancer is undoubtedly more complex than duality, but thinking of cancer as a duality may help scientists and oncologists discover optimal treatments that can be given either simultaneously or sequentially.Jack L. ArbiserMichael Y. BonnerLinda C. GilbertNature PortfolioarticleNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENnpj Precision Oncology, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Jack L. Arbiser Michael Y. Bonner Linda C. Gilbert Targeting the duality of cancer
description	Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and is an increasing cause of death in the developing world. While there is great heterogeneity in the anatomic site and mutations involved in human cancer, there are common features, including immortal growth, angiogenesis, apoptosis evasion, and other features, that are common to most if not all cancers. However, new features of human cancers have been found as a result of clinical use of novel “targeted therapies,” angiogenesis inhibitors, and immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors. These findings indicate that cancer is a moving target, which can change signaling and metabolic features based upon the therapies offered. It is well-known that there is significant heterogeneity within a tumor and it is possible that treatment might reduce the heterogeneity as a tumor adapts to therapy and, thus, a tumor might be synchronized, even if there is no major clinical response. Understanding this concept is important, as concurrent and sequential therapies might lead to improved tumor responses and cures. We posit that the repertoire of tumor responses is both predictable and limited, thus giving hope that eventually we can be more effective against solid tumors. Currently, among solid tumors, we observe a response of 1/3 of tumors to immunotherapy, perhaps less to angiogenesis inhibition, a varied response to targeted therapies, with relapse and resistance being the rule, and a large fraction being insensitive to all of these therapies, thus requiring the older therapies of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Tumor phenotypes can be seen as a continuum between binary extremes, which will be discussed further. The biology of cancer is undoubtedly more complex than duality, but thinking of cancer as a duality may help scientists and oncologists discover optimal treatments that can be given either simultaneously or sequentially.
format	article
author	Jack L. Arbiser Michael Y. Bonner Linda C. Gilbert
author_facet	Jack L. Arbiser Michael Y. Bonner Linda C. Gilbert
author_sort	Jack L. Arbiser
title	Targeting the duality of cancer
title_short	Targeting the duality of cancer
title_full	Targeting the duality of cancer
title_fullStr	Targeting the duality of cancer
title_full_unstemmed	Targeting the duality of cancer
title_sort	targeting the duality of cancer
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa257aec20b44654ad250b9c80ab252b
work_keys_str_mv	AT jacklarbiser targetingthedualityofcancer AT michaelybonner targetingthedualityofcancer AT lindacgilbert targetingthedualityofcancer
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Targeting the duality of cancer

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