Providing Energy Self-Sufficiency to LoRaWAN Nodes by Means of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs)-Based Energy Harvesting

The aim of this paper is to present the viability of an energy-harvesting system prototype, based on thermoelectric generators (TEGs), to be embedded in a Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)-based wireless sensor node, allowing continuous quasi-real-time data transmission even for low temperature...

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Autores principales:	Irene Cappelli, Stefano Parrino, Alessandro Pozzebon, Alessio Salta
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	energy harvesting thermoelectric generator IoT LoRaWAN low power Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa350731d0d04fa9b7ecc009fa3a4498
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa350731d0d04fa9b7ecc009fa3a44982021-11-11T16:03:18ZProviding Energy Self-Sufficiency to LoRaWAN Nodes by Means of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs)-Based Energy Harvesting10.3390/en142173221996-1073https://doaj.org/article/aa350731d0d04fa9b7ecc009fa3a44982021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7322https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073The aim of this paper is to present the viability of an energy-harvesting system prototype, based on thermoelectric generators (TEGs), to be embedded in a Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)-based wireless sensor node, allowing continuous quasi-real-time data transmission even for low temperature gradients and for frequent transmissions. To this end, an RFM95x LoRa module is used in the system. The energy management of the entire node is achieved by exploiting a nano power boost charger buck converter integrated circuit, which allows power extraction from the energy-harvesting source and, at the same time, regulates the charging/discharging process of a Li-Po battery that supplies the wireless node. The first phase of the project was dedicated to understanding the electrical characteristics of the TEG. A series of tests were performed to study the open circuit voltage, the current and the power generated by the TEG at different temperature gradients. Following this first phase, tests were then set up to study the charging/discharging process of the battery by changing two crucial parameters: the temperature between the faces of the TEG and the frequency of the transmissions performed by the transceiver. Experimental results show a positive balance for the battery charging at different conditions, which suggests two important conclusions: first of all, with high temperature gradients, it is possible to set relatively high transmission frequencies for the LoRaWAN module without discharging the battery. The second important consideration concerns the operation of the system at extremely low temperature gradients, with a minimum of 5 °C reached during one of the measurements. This suggests the usability of thermoelectric energy-harvesting systems in a wide range of possible applications even in conditions of low temperature gradients.Irene CappelliStefano ParrinoAlessandro PozzebonAlessio SaltaMDPI AGarticleenergy harvestingthermoelectric generatorIoTLoRaWANlow powerTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7322, p 7322 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	energy harvesting thermoelectric generator IoT LoRaWAN low power Technology T
spellingShingle	energy harvesting thermoelectric generator IoT LoRaWAN low power Technology T Irene Cappelli Stefano Parrino Alessandro Pozzebon Alessio Salta Providing Energy Self-Sufficiency to LoRaWAN Nodes by Means of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs)-Based Energy Harvesting
description	The aim of this paper is to present the viability of an energy-harvesting system prototype, based on thermoelectric generators (TEGs), to be embedded in a Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)-based wireless sensor node, allowing continuous quasi-real-time data transmission even for low temperature gradients and for frequent transmissions. To this end, an RFM95x LoRa module is used in the system. The energy management of the entire node is achieved by exploiting a nano power boost charger buck converter integrated circuit, which allows power extraction from the energy-harvesting source and, at the same time, regulates the charging/discharging process of a Li-Po battery that supplies the wireless node. The first phase of the project was dedicated to understanding the electrical characteristics of the TEG. A series of tests were performed to study the open circuit voltage, the current and the power generated by the TEG at different temperature gradients. Following this first phase, tests were then set up to study the charging/discharging process of the battery by changing two crucial parameters: the temperature between the faces of the TEG and the frequency of the transmissions performed by the transceiver. Experimental results show a positive balance for the battery charging at different conditions, which suggests two important conclusions: first of all, with high temperature gradients, it is possible to set relatively high transmission frequencies for the LoRaWAN module without discharging the battery. The second important consideration concerns the operation of the system at extremely low temperature gradients, with a minimum of 5 °C reached during one of the measurements. This suggests the usability of thermoelectric energy-harvesting systems in a wide range of possible applications even in conditions of low temperature gradients.
format	article
author	Irene Cappelli Stefano Parrino Alessandro Pozzebon Alessio Salta
author_facet	Irene Cappelli Stefano Parrino Alessandro Pozzebon Alessio Salta
author_sort	Irene Cappelli
title	Providing Energy Self-Sufficiency to LoRaWAN Nodes by Means of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs)-Based Energy Harvesting
title_short	Providing Energy Self-Sufficiency to LoRaWAN Nodes by Means of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs)-Based Energy Harvesting
title_full	Providing Energy Self-Sufficiency to LoRaWAN Nodes by Means of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs)-Based Energy Harvesting
title_fullStr	Providing Energy Self-Sufficiency to LoRaWAN Nodes by Means of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs)-Based Energy Harvesting
title_full_unstemmed	Providing Energy Self-Sufficiency to LoRaWAN Nodes by Means of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs)-Based Energy Harvesting
title_sort	providing energy self-sufficiency to lorawan nodes by means of thermoelectric generators (tegs)-based energy harvesting
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa350731d0d04fa9b7ecc009fa3a4498
work_keys_str_mv	AT irenecappelli providingenergyselfsufficiencytolorawannodesbymeansofthermoelectricgeneratorstegsbasedenergyharvesting AT stefanoparrino providingenergyselfsufficiencytolorawannodesbymeansofthermoelectricgeneratorstegsbasedenergyharvesting AT alessandropozzebon providingenergyselfsufficiencytolorawannodesbymeansofthermoelectricgeneratorstegsbasedenergyharvesting AT alessiosalta providingenergyselfsufficiencytolorawannodesbymeansofthermoelectricgeneratorstegsbasedenergyharvesting
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Providing Energy Self-Sufficiency to LoRaWAN Nodes by Means of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs)-Based Energy Harvesting

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