Costs of position, velocity, and force requirements in optimal control induce triphasic muscle activation during reaching movement

Abstract The nervous system activates a pair of agonist and antagonist muscles to determine the muscle activation pattern for a desired movement. Although there is a problem with redundancy, it is solved immediately, and movements are generated with characteristic muscle activation patterns in which...

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Autor principal:	Yuki Ueyama
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa3c50c67f134323b658a33241432b43
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa3c50c67f134323b658a33241432b432021-12-02T18:51:41ZCosts of position, velocity, and force requirements in optimal control induce triphasic muscle activation during reaching movement10.1038/s41598-021-96084-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/aa3c50c67f134323b658a33241432b432021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96084-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The nervous system activates a pair of agonist and antagonist muscles to determine the muscle activation pattern for a desired movement. Although there is a problem with redundancy, it is solved immediately, and movements are generated with characteristic muscle activation patterns in which antagonistic muscle pairs show alternate bursts with a triphasic shape. To investigate the requirements for deriving this pattern, this study simulated arm movement numerically by adopting a musculoskeletal arm model and an optimal control. The simulation reproduced the triphasic electromyogram (EMG) pattern observed in a reaching movement using a cost function that considered three terms: end-point position, velocity, and force required; the function minimised neural input. The first, second, and third bursts of muscle activity were generated by the cost terms of position, velocity, and force, respectively. Thus, we concluded that the costs of position, velocity, and force requirements in optimal control can induce triphasic EMG patterns. Therefore, we suggest that the nervous system may control the body by using an optimal control mechanism that adopts the costs of position, velocity, and force required; these costs serve to initiate, decelerate, and stabilise movement, respectively.Yuki UeyamaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Yuki Ueyama Costs of position, velocity, and force requirements in optimal control induce triphasic muscle activation during reaching movement
description	Abstract The nervous system activates a pair of agonist and antagonist muscles to determine the muscle activation pattern for a desired movement. Although there is a problem with redundancy, it is solved immediately, and movements are generated with characteristic muscle activation patterns in which antagonistic muscle pairs show alternate bursts with a triphasic shape. To investigate the requirements for deriving this pattern, this study simulated arm movement numerically by adopting a musculoskeletal arm model and an optimal control. The simulation reproduced the triphasic electromyogram (EMG) pattern observed in a reaching movement using a cost function that considered three terms: end-point position, velocity, and force required; the function minimised neural input. The first, second, and third bursts of muscle activity were generated by the cost terms of position, velocity, and force, respectively. Thus, we concluded that the costs of position, velocity, and force requirements in optimal control can induce triphasic EMG patterns. Therefore, we suggest that the nervous system may control the body by using an optimal control mechanism that adopts the costs of position, velocity, and force required; these costs serve to initiate, decelerate, and stabilise movement, respectively.
format	article
author	Yuki Ueyama
author_facet	Yuki Ueyama
author_sort	Yuki Ueyama
title	Costs of position, velocity, and force requirements in optimal control induce triphasic muscle activation during reaching movement
title_short	Costs of position, velocity, and force requirements in optimal control induce triphasic muscle activation during reaching movement
title_full	Costs of position, velocity, and force requirements in optimal control induce triphasic muscle activation during reaching movement
title_fullStr	Costs of position, velocity, and force requirements in optimal control induce triphasic muscle activation during reaching movement
title_full_unstemmed	Costs of position, velocity, and force requirements in optimal control induce triphasic muscle activation during reaching movement
title_sort	costs of position, velocity, and force requirements in optimal control induce triphasic muscle activation during reaching movement
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa3c50c67f134323b658a33241432b43
work_keys_str_mv	AT yukiueyama costsofpositionvelocityandforcerequirementsinoptimalcontrolinducetriphasicmuscleactivationduringreachingmovement
_version_	1718377403436236800

Costs of position, velocity, and force requirements in optimal control induce triphasic muscle activation during reaching movement

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