The Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases

Carbohydrates are macronutrients that serve as energy sources. Many studies have shown that carbohydrate intake is nonlinearly associated with mortality. Moreover, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) consumption is positively associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus...

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Autor principal:	Katsumi Iizuka
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	glucose carbohydrate response element binding protein ChREBP fructose type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa4856b57b0b45919fa8932e88e11266
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa4856b57b0b45919fa8932e88e112662021-11-11T17:27:19ZThe Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases10.3390/ijms2221120581422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/aa4856b57b0b45919fa8932e88e112662021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/12058https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Carbohydrates are macronutrients that serve as energy sources. Many studies have shown that carbohydrate intake is nonlinearly associated with mortality. Moreover, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) consumption is positively associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Accordingly, products with equal amounts of glucose and fructose have the worst effects on caloric intake, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance, suggesting that carbohydrate amount, kind, and form determine mortality. Understanding the role of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) in glucose and lipid metabolism will be beneficial for elucidating the harmful effects of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), as this glucose-activated transcription factor regulates glycolytic and lipogenic gene expression. Glucose and fructose coordinately supply the metabolites necessary for ChREBP activation and de novo lipogenesis. <i>Chrebp</i> overexpression causes fatty liver and lower plasma glucose levels, and ChREBP deletion prevents obesity and fatty liver. Intestinal ChREBP regulates fructose absorption and catabolism, and adipose-specific <i>Chrebp</i>-knockout mice show insulin resistance. ChREBP also regulates the appetite for sweets by controlling fibroblast growth factor 21, which promotes energy expenditure. Thus, ChREBP partly mimics the effects of carbohydrate, especially HFCS. The relationship between carbohydrate intake and diseases partly resembles those between ChREBP activity and diseases.Katsumi IizukaMDPI AGarticleglucosecarbohydrate response element binding proteinChREBPfructosetype 2 diabetes mellitusT2DMBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12058, p 12058 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	glucose carbohydrate response element binding protein ChREBP fructose type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	glucose carbohydrate response element binding protein ChREBP fructose type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Katsumi Iizuka The Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases
description	Carbohydrates are macronutrients that serve as energy sources. Many studies have shown that carbohydrate intake is nonlinearly associated with mortality. Moreover, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) consumption is positively associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Accordingly, products with equal amounts of glucose and fructose have the worst effects on caloric intake, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance, suggesting that carbohydrate amount, kind, and form determine mortality. Understanding the role of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) in glucose and lipid metabolism will be beneficial for elucidating the harmful effects of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), as this glucose-activated transcription factor regulates glycolytic and lipogenic gene expression. Glucose and fructose coordinately supply the metabolites necessary for ChREBP activation and de novo lipogenesis. <i>Chrebp</i> overexpression causes fatty liver and lower plasma glucose levels, and ChREBP deletion prevents obesity and fatty liver. Intestinal ChREBP regulates fructose absorption and catabolism, and adipose-specific <i>Chrebp</i>-knockout mice show insulin resistance. ChREBP also regulates the appetite for sweets by controlling fibroblast growth factor 21, which promotes energy expenditure. Thus, ChREBP partly mimics the effects of carbohydrate, especially HFCS. The relationship between carbohydrate intake and diseases partly resembles those between ChREBP activity and diseases.
format	article
author	Katsumi Iizuka
author_facet	Katsumi Iizuka
author_sort	Katsumi Iizuka
title	The Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases
title_short	The Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases
title_full	The Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases
title_fullStr	The Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases
title_full_unstemmed	The Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases
title_sort	roles of carbohydrate response element binding protein in the relationship between carbohydrate intake and diseases
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa4856b57b0b45919fa8932e88e11266
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The Roles of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in the Relationship between Carbohydrate Intake and Diseases

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