Cholera outbreak in Senegal in 2005: was climate a factor?

Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by Vibrio cholerae and occurs as widespread epidemics in Africa. In 2005, there were 31,719 cholera cases, with 458 deaths in the Republic of Senegal. We retrospectively investigated the climate origin of the devastating floods in mid-August 2005, in the...

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Autores principales:	Guillaume Constantin de Magny, Wassila Thiaw, Vadlamani Kumar, Noël M Manga, Bernard M Diop, Lamine Gueye, Mamina Kamara, Benjamin Roche, Raghu Murtugudde, Rita R Colwell
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa666282da164fda8134212db9857b8d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa666282da164fda8134212db9857b8d2021-11-18T07:06:48ZCholera outbreak in Senegal in 2005: was climate a factor?1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0044577https://doaj.org/article/aa666282da164fda8134212db9857b8d2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22952995/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by Vibrio cholerae and occurs as widespread epidemics in Africa. In 2005, there were 31,719 cholera cases, with 458 deaths in the Republic of Senegal. We retrospectively investigated the climate origin of the devastating floods in mid-August 2005, in the Dakar Region of Senegal and the subsequent outbreak of cholera along with the pattern of cholera outbreaks in three other regions of that country. We compared rainfall patterns between 2002 and 2005 and the relationship between the sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and precipitation over Senegal for 2005. Results showed a specific pattern of rainfall throughout the Dakar region during August, 2005, and the associated rainfall anomaly coincided with an exacerbation of the cholera epidemic. Comparison of rainfall and epidemiological patterns revealed that the temporal dynamics of precipitation, which was abrupt and heavy, was presumably the determining factor. Analysis of the SST gradient showed that the Atlantic Ocean SST variability in 2005 differed from that of 2002 to 2004, a result of a prominent Atlantic meridional mode. The influence of this intense precipitation on cholera transmission over a densely populated and crowded region was detectable for both Dakar and Thiès, Senegal. Thus, high resolution rainfall forecasts at subseasonal time scales should provide a way forward for an early warning system in Africa for cholera and, thereby, trigger epidemic preparedness. Clearly, attention must be paid to both natural and human induced environmental factors to devise appropriate action to prevent cholera and other waterborne disease epidemics in the region.Guillaume Constantin de MagnyWassila ThiawVadlamani KumarNoël M MangaBernard M DiopLamine GueyeMamina KamaraBenjamin RocheRaghu MurtuguddeRita R ColwellPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 8, p e44577 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Guillaume Constantin de Magny Wassila Thiaw Vadlamani Kumar Noël M Manga Bernard M Diop Lamine Gueye Mamina Kamara Benjamin Roche Raghu Murtugudde Rita R Colwell Cholera outbreak in Senegal in 2005: was climate a factor?
description	Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by Vibrio cholerae and occurs as widespread epidemics in Africa. In 2005, there were 31,719 cholera cases, with 458 deaths in the Republic of Senegal. We retrospectively investigated the climate origin of the devastating floods in mid-August 2005, in the Dakar Region of Senegal and the subsequent outbreak of cholera along with the pattern of cholera outbreaks in three other regions of that country. We compared rainfall patterns between 2002 and 2005 and the relationship between the sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and precipitation over Senegal for 2005. Results showed a specific pattern of rainfall throughout the Dakar region during August, 2005, and the associated rainfall anomaly coincided with an exacerbation of the cholera epidemic. Comparison of rainfall and epidemiological patterns revealed that the temporal dynamics of precipitation, which was abrupt and heavy, was presumably the determining factor. Analysis of the SST gradient showed that the Atlantic Ocean SST variability in 2005 differed from that of 2002 to 2004, a result of a prominent Atlantic meridional mode. The influence of this intense precipitation on cholera transmission over a densely populated and crowded region was detectable for both Dakar and Thiès, Senegal. Thus, high resolution rainfall forecasts at subseasonal time scales should provide a way forward for an early warning system in Africa for cholera and, thereby, trigger epidemic preparedness. Clearly, attention must be paid to both natural and human induced environmental factors to devise appropriate action to prevent cholera and other waterborne disease epidemics in the region.
format	article
author	Guillaume Constantin de Magny Wassila Thiaw Vadlamani Kumar Noël M Manga Bernard M Diop Lamine Gueye Mamina Kamara Benjamin Roche Raghu Murtugudde Rita R Colwell
author_facet	Guillaume Constantin de Magny Wassila Thiaw Vadlamani Kumar Noël M Manga Bernard M Diop Lamine Gueye Mamina Kamara Benjamin Roche Raghu Murtugudde Rita R Colwell
author_sort	Guillaume Constantin de Magny
title	Cholera outbreak in Senegal in 2005: was climate a factor?
title_short	Cholera outbreak in Senegal in 2005: was climate a factor?
title_full	Cholera outbreak in Senegal in 2005: was climate a factor?
title_fullStr	Cholera outbreak in Senegal in 2005: was climate a factor?
title_full_unstemmed	Cholera outbreak in Senegal in 2005: was climate a factor?
title_sort	cholera outbreak in senegal in 2005: was climate a factor?
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa666282da164fda8134212db9857b8d
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Cholera outbreak in Senegal in 2005: was climate a factor?

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