Effects of electrical muscle stimulation on cerebral blood flow

Abstract Background Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) induces involuntary muscle contraction. Several studies have suggested that EMS has the potential to be an alternative method of voluntary exercise; however, its effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) when applied to large lower limb muscles are...

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Autores principales:	Soichi Ando, Yoko Takagi, Hikaru Watanabe, Kodai Mochizuki, Mizuki Sudo, Mami Fujibayashi, Shinobu Tsurugano, Kohei Sato
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Brain Cerebral perfusion Skeletal muscle Neuromuscular stimulation CO2 Neural activation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa72f4de1ddf45bab52084e50ef4c460
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa72f4de1ddf45bab52084e50ef4c4602021-11-21T12:33:36ZEffects of electrical muscle stimulation on cerebral blood flow10.1186/s12868-021-00670-z1471-2202https://doaj.org/article/aa72f4de1ddf45bab52084e50ef4c4602021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-021-00670-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/1471-2202Abstract Background Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) induces involuntary muscle contraction. Several studies have suggested that EMS has the potential to be an alternative method of voluntary exercise; however, its effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) when applied to large lower limb muscles are poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of EMS on CBF, focusing on whether the effects differ between the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) arteries. Methods The participants performed the experiments under EMS and control (rest) conditions in a randomized crossover design. The ICA and VA blood flow were measured before and during EMS or control. Heart rate, blood pressure, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, and end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) were monitored and measured as well. Results The ICA blood flow increased during EMS [Pre: 330 ± 69 mL min−1; EMS: 371 ± 81 mL min−1, P = 0.001, effect size (Cohen’s d) = 0.55]. In contrast, the VA blood flow did not change during EMS (Pre: 125 ± 47 mL min−1; EMS: 130 ± 45 mL min−1, P = 0.26, effect size = 0.12). In the EMS condition, there was a significant positive linear correlation between ΔPETCO2 and ΔICA blood flow (R = 0.74, P = 0.02). No relationships were observed between ΔPETCO2 and ΔVA blood flow (linear: R = − 0.17, P = 0.66; quadratic: R = 0.43, P = 0.55). Conclusions The present results indicate that EMS increased ICA blood flow but not VA blood flow, suggesting that the effects of EMS on cerebral perfusion differ between anterior and posterior cerebral circulation, primarily due to the differences in cerebrovascular response to CO2.Soichi AndoYoko TakagiHikaru WatanabeKodai MochizukiMizuki SudoMami FujibayashiShinobu TsuruganoKohei SatoBMCarticleBrainCerebral perfusionSkeletal muscleNeuromuscular stimulationCO2Neural activationNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENBMC Neuroscience, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Brain Cerebral perfusion Skeletal muscle Neuromuscular stimulation CO2 Neural activation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	Brain Cerebral perfusion Skeletal muscle Neuromuscular stimulation CO2 Neural activation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Soichi Ando Yoko Takagi Hikaru Watanabe Kodai Mochizuki Mizuki Sudo Mami Fujibayashi Shinobu Tsurugano Kohei Sato Effects of electrical muscle stimulation on cerebral blood flow
description	Abstract Background Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) induces involuntary muscle contraction. Several studies have suggested that EMS has the potential to be an alternative method of voluntary exercise; however, its effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) when applied to large lower limb muscles are poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of EMS on CBF, focusing on whether the effects differ between the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) arteries. Methods The participants performed the experiments under EMS and control (rest) conditions in a randomized crossover design. The ICA and VA blood flow were measured before and during EMS or control. Heart rate, blood pressure, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, and end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) were monitored and measured as well. Results The ICA blood flow increased during EMS [Pre: 330 ± 69 mL min−1; EMS: 371 ± 81 mL min−1, P = 0.001, effect size (Cohen’s d) = 0.55]. In contrast, the VA blood flow did not change during EMS (Pre: 125 ± 47 mL min−1; EMS: 130 ± 45 mL min−1, P = 0.26, effect size = 0.12). In the EMS condition, there was a significant positive linear correlation between ΔPETCO2 and ΔICA blood flow (R = 0.74, P = 0.02). No relationships were observed between ΔPETCO2 and ΔVA blood flow (linear: R = − 0.17, P = 0.66; quadratic: R = 0.43, P = 0.55). Conclusions The present results indicate that EMS increased ICA blood flow but not VA blood flow, suggesting that the effects of EMS on cerebral perfusion differ between anterior and posterior cerebral circulation, primarily due to the differences in cerebrovascular response to CO2.
format	article
author	Soichi Ando Yoko Takagi Hikaru Watanabe Kodai Mochizuki Mizuki Sudo Mami Fujibayashi Shinobu Tsurugano Kohei Sato
author_facet	Soichi Ando Yoko Takagi Hikaru Watanabe Kodai Mochizuki Mizuki Sudo Mami Fujibayashi Shinobu Tsurugano Kohei Sato
author_sort	Soichi Ando
title	Effects of electrical muscle stimulation on cerebral blood flow
title_short	Effects of electrical muscle stimulation on cerebral blood flow
title_full	Effects of electrical muscle stimulation on cerebral blood flow
title_fullStr	Effects of electrical muscle stimulation on cerebral blood flow
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of electrical muscle stimulation on cerebral blood flow
title_sort	effects of electrical muscle stimulation on cerebral blood flow
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa72f4de1ddf45bab52084e50ef4c460
work_keys_str_mv	AT soichiando effectsofelectricalmusclestimulationoncerebralbloodflow AT yokotakagi effectsofelectricalmusclestimulationoncerebralbloodflow AT hikaruwatanabe effectsofelectricalmusclestimulationoncerebralbloodflow AT kodaimochizuki effectsofelectricalmusclestimulationoncerebralbloodflow AT mizukisudo effectsofelectricalmusclestimulationoncerebralbloodflow AT mamifujibayashi effectsofelectricalmusclestimulationoncerebralbloodflow AT shinobutsurugano effectsofelectricalmusclestimulationoncerebralbloodflow AT koheisato effectsofelectricalmusclestimulationoncerebralbloodflow
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Effects of electrical muscle stimulation on cerebral blood flow

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